Node.js 18环境下@nestjs/axios的HttpService无法正常工作

1. 修正FormData导入方式 #

把动态require的写法换成静态import，避免Node.js 18下的模块加载异常：

import FormData from 'form-data';

替换原代码里的const FormData = require('form-data');

2. 手动设置FormData请求头 #

Node.js 18下，axios可能无法自动识别FormData并生成带boundary的Content-Type头，需要手动获取并传递：

// 在发送请求时添加headers配置
this.httpService.post(process.env.PYPDF.concat('html_pdf'), bodyFormData, {
  headers: bodyFormData.getHeaders(),
})

3. 修复错误处理的边界判断 #

原代码直接访问e.response.data，当请求因网络问题、服务端无响应等情况时，e.response会是undefined，导致报错。必须先做存在性检查：

catchError((e) => {
  const errorMessage = e.response?.data || e.message || '未知错误';
  const statusCode = e.response?.status || 500;
  throw new HttpException(errorMessage, statusCode);
}),

4. 确保依赖版本兼容 #

Node.js 18对axios的新版本支持更好，更新@nestjs/axios和axios到兼容版本：

npm update @nestjs/axios axios

建议使用axios >= 1.3.0版本，该版本修复了Node.js 18下FormData的处理问题。

5. 安全构造FormData #

避免空值或无效数据导致请求异常，添加属性存在性检查：

for (const key in body) {
  if (body.hasOwnProperty(key) && body[key] != null) {
    bodyFormData.append(key, body[key]);
  }
}

完整修改后的代码 #

import { HttpException, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { HttpService } from '@nestjs/axios';
import { lastValueFrom, catchError, map } from 'rxjs';
import { AdjuntoService } from '../adjunto/adjunto.service';
import { HtmlPdfBodyPost, HtmlPdfBodyQueryPost } from 'src/dtos/aux.dto';
import { CierreContableService } from '../cierre_contable/cierre_contable.service';
import FormData from 'form-data';

@Injectable()
export class FilesService {
  constructor(
    private readonly httpService: HttpService,
    private readonly adjunto: AdjuntoService,
    private readonly cierreContable: CierreContableService,
  ) {}

  async htmlToPdf(query: HtmlPdfBodyQueryPost, body: HtmlPdfBodyPost) {
    const bodyFormData: FormData = new FormData();

    for (const key in body) {
      if (body.hasOwnProperty(key) && body[key] != null) {
        bodyFormData.append(key, body[key]);
      }
    }

    const data = await lastValueFrom(
      this.httpService
        .post(process.env.PYPDF.concat('html_pdf'), bodyFormData, {
          headers: bodyFormData.getHeaders(),
        })
        .pipe(
          map((resp) => resp.data),
          catchError((e) => {
            const errorMessage = e.response?.data || e.message || '未知错误';
            const statusCode = e.response?.status || 500;
            throw new HttpException(errorMessage, statusCode);
          }),
        ),
    );

    return { data };
  }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MML1357