IntelliJ运行时提示‘java: module not found: javafx.web’问题求助

我在项目中尝试使用WebView组件，已在pom.xml中引入对应依赖、在module-info.java中声明javafx.web模块，IntelliJ编辑代码时未报错，能正常识别该库并查询类及其方法，但运行程序时却出现java: module not found: javafx.web的错误。

相关代码 #

module-info.java #

module com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt {
    requires javafx.controls;
    requires javafx.fxml;
    requires javafx.web;
    requires org.fxmisc.richtext;

    opens com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt.core to javafx.fxml;
    exports com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt.core;

    opens com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt.client to javafx.fxml;
    exports com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt.client;
}

pom.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.gabrielgavrilov</groupId>
  <artifactId>cobolt</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>Cobolt</name>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<junit.version>5.9.2</junit.version>  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
      <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
      <version>17.0.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
      <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
      <version>17.0.6</version>
    </dependency>


<dependency>
      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
      <version>${junit.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
      <version>${junit.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.fxmisc.richtext/richtextfx -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.fxmisc.richtext</groupId>
      <artifactId>richtextfx</artifactId>
      <version>0.11.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.openjfx/javafx-web -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
      <artifactId>javafx-web</artifactId>
      <version>20</version>
    </dependency>


  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.11.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>11</source>
          <target>11</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.8</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <!-- Default configuration for running with: mvn clean javafx:run -->
            <id>default-cli</id>
            <configuration>
              <mainClass>com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt/com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt.client.Cobolt</mainClass>
              <launcher>app</launcher>
              <jlinkZipName>app</jlinkZipName>
              <jlinkImageName>app</jlinkImageName>
              <noManPages>true</noManPages>
              <stripDebug>true</stripDebug>
              <noHeaderFiles>true</noHeaderFiles>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

解决方案 #

1. 统一JavaFX依赖版本 #

pom.xml中javafx-controls、javafx-fxml使用17.0.6版本，但javafx-web用的是20版本，版本不匹配会引发模块加载异常。将javafx-web的版本修改为和其他JavaFX依赖一致的17.0.6：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
  <artifactId>javafx-web</artifactId>
  <version>17.0.6</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置javafx-maven-plugin模块参数 #

在javafx-maven-plugin的configuration节点中添加<modules>标签，明确指定运行时需要加载的JavaFX模块：

<configuration>
  <mainClass>com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt/com.gabrielgavrilov.cobolt.client.Cobolt</mainClass>
  <modules>
    <module>javafx.controls</module>
    <module>javafx.fxml</module>
    <module>javafx.web</module>
  </modules>
  <launcher>app</launcher>
  <jlinkZipName>app</jlinkZipName>
  <jlinkImageName>app</jlinkImageName>
  <noManPages>true</noManPages>
  <stripDebug>true</stripDebug>
  <noHeaderFiles>true</noHeaderFiles>
</configuration>

3. 清理并重新构建项目 #

执行以下Maven命令清理旧构建文件，重新编译打包：

mvn clean install

之后使用mvn javafx:run启动项目即可解决模块找不到的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gabriel Gavrilov