Django中手机号OTP验证后生成Token的认证方案咨询

我正在Django中开发一个应用，该应用可从API服务器发送OTP且功能正常。现需实现：用户验证手机号成功后为其生成Token，后续用户发起请求时需在请求头中携带该Token进行认证。

此前我尝试使用Django REST Framework的TokenAuthentication，但该方式需要用户通过用户名密码完成认证，而我无法向Django服务器传递用户名密码，因此咨询如何通过手机号+OTP的方式实现上述需求。

项目配置文件 settings.py #

"""
Django settings for backend project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.14.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/


# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [
    "2858-151-240-216-221.ngrok-free.app",
    "localhost"
]

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'rest_framework.authtoken',
    'home',
    'requests',
    'users',
    'api',
    'otp_api'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'backend.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / "templates"],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'backend.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / "static"
]

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'uploads'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication"],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated"],
}

发送OTP的API视图 whatsappAPI #

import random

from django.http import HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .serializer import ProfileSerializer
from users.models import *
from utils.mixins import send_otp_on_phone


class whatsappAPI(APIView):
    serializer_class = ProfileSerializer
    authentication_classes = []
    permission_classes = []
    def post(self, request):
        serializer_obj = ProfileSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer_obj.is_valid():
            phone_number = serializer_obj.data.get("phone_number")
            Profile.objects.create(phone_number=phone_number)
            send_otp_on_phone(phone_number=phone_number)
            user_profile = Profile.objects.filter(phone_number=request.data["phone_number"]).values()[0]
            return Response(user_profile)

OTP验证API视图 OTPApi #

import random

from django.http import Http404
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .serializer import OTPSerializer
from .models import *
from utils.mixins import *


class OTPApi(APIView):
    serializer_class = OTPSerializer
    authentication_classes = []
    permission_classes = []
    def post(self, request):
        serializer_obj = OTPSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer_obj.is_valid():
            otp = serializer_obj.data.get("otp")
            phone_number = serializer_obj.data.get("phone_number")
            code_verification = check_code(otp=otp, phone_number=phone_number)
            if code_verification:
                OTPModel.objects.create(otp=otp, phone_number=phone_number)
                user_profile = OTPModel.objects.filter(otp=otp).values()[0]
                # 我想在这里生成Token
                return Response(user_profile)
            else:
                return Http404("invalid otp")

要实现手机号+OTP生成Token的认证流程，可基于Django默认User模型结合DRF的TokenAuthentication完成，步骤如下：

1. 在OTP验证成功时生成Token #

直接修改OTPApi的post方法，添加用户创建与Token生成逻辑：

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token

# ... 原有代码 ...
if code_verification:
    # 用手机号作为用户名，自动创建或获取User实例（生成随机密码，无需使用）
    user, created = User.objects.get_or_create(
        username=phone_number,
        defaults={'password': User.objects.make_random_password()}
    )
    # 生成或获取该用户对应的Token
    token, created = Token.objects.get_or_create(user=user)
    
    # 将Token加入返回数据
    user_profile['token'] = token.key
    return Response(user_profile)

2. 后续请求认证 #

用户发起后续请求时，在请求头中携带Authorization: Token <生成的Token值>，DRF的TokenAuthentication会自动验证Token有效性，通过后即可访问需要认证的接口。

3. 优化建议 #

• 给Profile模型添加与User的外键关联，方便后续关联用户扩展信息；
• OTP验证成功后，删除或标记已使用的OTP记录，避免重复验证；
• 若业务需要，可自定义User模型，将手机号设为唯一标识字段，替代默认用户名。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Amirhosein Pourmoshir