首次运行Flutter新项目时出现org.codehaus.groovy依赖缺失错误

首次运行新Flutter应用时，出现Gradle无法解析Groovy系列依赖的错误，所有Groovy包的版本占位符显示为?.?.??，已尝试重装Flutter SDK、flutter doctor检测无异常，但问题未解决。

错误日志如下：

Launching lib\main.dart on sdk gphone64 x86 64 in debug mode...

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':gradle:compileGroovy'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':gradle:detachedConfiguration1'.
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy/?.?.??/groovy-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy/?.?.??/groovy-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-ant:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-ant/?.?.??/groovy-ant-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-ant/?.?.??/groovy-ant-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-astbuilder:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-astbuilder/?.?.??/groovy-astbuilder-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-astbuilder/?.?.??/groovy-astbuilder-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-console:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-console/?.?.??/groovy-console-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-console/?.?.??/groovy-console-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-datetime:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-datetime/?.?.??/groovy-datetime-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-datetime/?.?.??/groovy-datetime-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-dateutil:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-dateutil/?.?.??/groovy-dateutil-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-dateutil/?.?.??/groovy-dateutil-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-nio:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-nio/?.?.??/groovy-nio-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-nio/?.?.??/groovy-nio-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-sql:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-sql/?.?.??/groovy-sql-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-sql/?.?.??/groovy-sql-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-test:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-test/?.?.??/groovy-test-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-test/?.?.??/groovy-test-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-templates:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-templates/?.?.??/groovy-templates-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-templates/?.?.??/groovy-templates-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-json:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-json/?.?.??/groovy-json-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-json/?.?.??/groovy-json-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-xml:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-xml/?.?.??/groovy-xml-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-xml/?.?.??/groovy-xml-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle
   > Could not find org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-groovydoc:?.?.??.
     Searched in the following locations:
       - https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-groovydoc/?.?.??/groovy-groovydoc-?.?.??.pom
       - https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-groovydoc/?.?.??/groovy-groovydoc-?.?.??.pom
     Required by:
         project :gradle

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 14s
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1
Exited (sigterm)

解决步骤： #

• 检查Gradle版本配置：打开项目android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties文件，确认distributionUrl指向稳定的Gradle版本，例如https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.4-all.zip（需与当前Flutter版本兼容）
• 配置镜像源（针对网络访问问题）：编辑android/build.gradle，在buildscript和allprojects的repositories块中添加国内镜像，示例：

  buildscript {
      repositories {
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter' }
          mavenCentral()
      }
  }
  
  allprojects {
      repositories {
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter' }
          mavenCentral()
      }
  }
  

• 清除Gradle缓存：删除用户目录下的.gradle文件夹（Windows路径：C:\Users\<用户名>\.gradle；Mac/Linux路径：~/.gradle），之后重新执行flutter run
• 确认JDK配置：确保JAVA_HOME环境变量指向Android Studio自带的Embedded JDK，避免版本不兼容问题
• 重建测试项目：使用flutter create test_app生成全新项目，尝试运行以排查原项目配置异常

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ramez Sleem