Spring Batch JUnit5测试报错：找不到javax.sql.DataSource Bean

核心原因是@SpringBatchTest引入的JobRepositoryTestUtils依赖javax.sql.DataSource Bean，但你的测试上下文仅加载了ListenerJobConfiguration，未配置DataSource也未触发Spring Boot自动配置逻辑，导致容器中不存在符合要求的DataSource Bean。

以下是三种可行解决方案：

方案1：添加内存数据库依赖 + 启用Spring Boot自动配置 #

通过引入H2内存数据库，结合Spring Boot测试注解自动配置DataSource：

1. 添加依赖 #

Maven（pom.xml）：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle（build.gradle）：

testImplementation 'com.h2database:h2'

2. 修改测试类 #

用@SpringBootTest替代@ContextConfiguration，触发Spring Boot自动配置：

@SpringBatchTest
@SpringBootTest(classes = ListenerJobConfiguration.class)
class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;

    @Autowired
    private JobRepositoryTestUtils jobRepositoryTestUtils;

    @BeforeEach
    public void clearJobExecutions() {
       this.jobRepositoryTestUtils.removeJobExecutions();
    }

    @Test
    public void testMyJob() throws Exception {
       JobParameters jobParameters = this.jobLauncherTestUtils.getUniqueJobParameters();
       JobExecution jobExecution = this.jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob(jobParameters);
       Assertions.assertEquals(ExitStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getExitStatus());
    }
}

方案2：测试类中手动定义DataSource Bean #

在测试上下文里直接配置内存DataSource，无需额外依赖（需确保H2驱动已引入）：

@SpringBatchTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {ListenerJobConfiguration.class, ApplicationTests.TestDataSourceConfig.class})
class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;

    @Autowired
    private JobRepositoryTestUtils jobRepositoryTestUtils;

    @BeforeEach
    public void clearJobExecutions() {
       this.jobRepositoryTestUtils.removeJobExecutions();
    }

    @Test
    public void testMyJob() throws Exception {
       JobParameters jobParameters = this.jobLauncherTestUtils.getUniqueJobParameters();
       JobExecution jobExecution = this.jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob(jobParameters);
       Assertions.assertEquals(ExitStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getExitStatus());
    }

    @Configuration
    static class TestDataSourceConfig {
        @Bean
        public DataSource dataSource() {
            SimpleDriverDataSource dataSource = new SimpleDriverDataSource();
            dataSource.setDriverClass(org.h2.Driver.class);
            dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1");
            dataSource.setUsername("sa");
            dataSource.setPassword("");
            return dataSource;
        }
    }
}

方案3：使用嵌入式内存JobRepository #

若无需持久化Job执行记录，可配置MapJobRepository（完全内存级，无需DataSource）：

@SpringBatchTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {ListenerJobConfiguration.class, ApplicationTests.TestBatchConfig.class})
class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;

    @Test
    public void testMyJob() throws Exception {
       JobParameters jobParameters = this.jobLauncherTestUtils.getUniqueJobParameters();
       JobExecution jobExecution = this.jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob(jobParameters);
       Assertions.assertEquals(ExitStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getExitStatus());
    }

    @Configuration
    static class TestBatchConfig {
        @Bean
        public JobRepository jobRepository() throws Exception {
            return new MapJobRepositoryFactoryBean().getObject();
        }

        @Bean
        public JobLauncher jobLauncher(JobRepository jobRepository) {
            SimpleJobLauncher jobLauncher = new SimpleJobLauncher();
            jobLauncher.setJobRepository(jobRepository);
            jobLauncher.afterPropertiesSet();
            return jobLauncher;
        }
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jeff Cook