矩阵场景下GitHub Actions构建与发布的正确执行顺序

需求 #

• 为多个平台构建可执行制品
• 创建GitHub Release并关联所有构建完成的制品

最初的尝试与问题 #

最初将构建和发布放在同一个矩阵作业中，每个平台构建完成后都会触发Release创建，导致GitHub返回“Release已存在”的错误，配置如下：

name: "Release"

on:
  push:
    branches: "*"
    tags:
      - "*"

permissions:
  contents: write

jobs:
  release:
    name: Release
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.target.host || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        go-version: ["1.21.x"]
        target:
          - os: linux
          - os: windows
            ext: .exe
          - os: freebsd
          - os: android
          - os: darwin
            host: macos-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
          # cache:
          # - description: Used to specify whether caching is needed. Set to true, if you'd like to enable caching.
          # default: false
          go-version-file: "go.mod"
          cache-dependency-path: |
            go.sum

      - name: Install Fyne-cross
        # working-directory: fyne-cross
        run: go install github.com/fyne-io/fyne-cross@latest

      # attempt to use "go install" but fallback to "go get"
      - name: Install Fyne
        run: |
          go install fyne.io/fyne/v2/cmd/fyne@latest ||
          go get fyne.io/fyne/v2/cmd/fyne@latest

      - name: Install Podman
        if: ${{ runner.os == 'macos' }}
        run: |
          brew install podman
          podman machine init
          podman machine start

      - name: "Build MastoTool (${{ matrix.target.os }}, ${{ matrix.go-version }})"
        run: |
          fyne-cross \
            ${{ matrix.target.os }} \
            ${{ matrix.target.args }} \
            -name mastotool${{ matrix.target.ext }} \
            -app-id com.github.PaulWaldo.mastotool

      - uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
        with:
          artifacts: fyne-cross/dist/**/mastotool*

拆分作业后的新问题 #

将构建和发布拆分为两个独立作业后，release作业无法获取到artifacts作业生成的制品，因为作业之间的文件系统是相互隔离的，配置如下：

name: "Release"

on:
  push:
    branches: "*"
    tags:
      - "*"

permissions:
  contents: write

jobs:
  artifacts:
    name: Create Artifacts
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.target.host || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        go-version: ["1.21.x"]
        target:
          - os: linux
          - os: windows
            ext: .exe
          - os: freebsd
          - os: android
          # Darwin not working right now
          # - os: darwin
          #   host: macos-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
          # cache:
          # - description: Used to specify whether caching is needed. Set to true, if you'd like to enable caching.
          # default: false
          go-version-file: "go.mod"
          cache-dependency-path: |
            go.sum

      - name: Install Fyne-cross
        # working-directory: fyne-cross
        run: go install github.com/fyne-io/fyne-cross@latest

      # attempt to use "go install" but fallback to "go get"
      - name: Install Fyne
        run: |
          go install fyne.io/fyne/v2/cmd/fyne@latest ||
          go get fyne.io/fyne/v2/cmd/fyne@latest

      - name: Install Podman
        if: ${{ runner.os == 'macos' }}
        run: |
          brew install podman
          podman machine init
          podman machine start

      - name: "Build MastoTool (${{ matrix.target.os }}, ${{ matrix.go-version }})"
        run: |
          fyne-cross \
            ${{ matrix.target.os }} \
            ${{ matrix.target.args }} \
            -name mastotool${{ matrix.target.ext }} \
            -app-id com.github.PaulWaldo.mastotool

  release:
    name: Create Release
    needs: artifacts
    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
    steps:
      - run: ls -lR fyne-cross/dist
      - uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
        with:
          artifacts: fyne-cross/dist/**/mastotool*

可行的解决方案 #

通过上传/下载工作流制品实现作业间的文件共享，等待所有平台构建完成后统一创建Release，最终可正常运行的配置如下：

name: "Release"

on:
  push:
    branches: "*"
    tags:
      - "*"

permissions:
  contents: write

jobs:
  artifacts:
    name: Create Artifacts
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.target.host || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        go-version: ["1.21.x"]
        target:
          - os: linux
          - os: windows
            ext: .exe
          - os: freebsd
          - os: android
          # Darwin not working right now
          # - os: darwin
          #   host: macos-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
          cache:
            true
          go-version-file: "go.mod"
          cache-dependency-path: |
            go.sum

      - name: Install Fyne-cross
        # working-directory: fyne-cross
        run: go install github.com/fyne-io/fyne-cross@latest

      # attempt to use "go install" but fallback to "go get"
      - name: Install Fyne
        run: |
          go install fyne.io/fyne/v2/cmd/fyne@latest ||
          go get fyne.io/fyne/v2/cmd/fyne@latest

      - name: Install Podman
        if: ${{ runner.os == 'macos' }}
        run: |
          brew install podman
          podman machine init
          podman machine start

      - name: "Build MastoTool (${{ matrix.target.os }}, ${{ matrix.go-version }})"
        # Place build targets in "/home/runner/work/mastotool/mastotool/fyne-cross/dist/linux-amd64/mastotool.tar.xz"
        run: |
          fyne-cross \
            ${{ matrix.target.os }} \
            ${{ matrix.target.args }} \
            -name mastotool-${{ matrix.target.os }}${{ matrix.target.ext }} \
            -app-id com.github.PaulWaldo.mastotool
          ls -lR fyne-cross/dist

      - name: Archive production artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: mastotool
          path: fyne-cross/dist/${{ matrix.target.os }}*/*

  release:
    name: Create Release
    needs: artifacts
    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
    steps:
      - name: Download all workflow run artifacts
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3

      - run: ls -lR

      - uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
        with:
          artifacts: mastotool/*/*

关键修改点 #

• 在artifacts作业中添加actions/upload-artifact步骤，将每个平台的构建产物上传到GitHub工作流制品库
• 在release作业中使用actions/download-artifact下载所有上传的制品，确保发布时能获取到全平台产物
• 修改构建产物命名规则，加入平台标识（如mastotool-linux），避免不同平台产物文件名冲突
• 启用Go模块缓存，减少重复依赖下载，提升构建效率

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Paul Waldo