使用Docker+Laravel执行迁移时遇SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002]连接拒绝错误

问题描述 #

运行docker-compose artisan migrate或./vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate命令时，触发以下错误：

SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Connection refused (Connection: mysql, SQL: select * from information_schema.tables where table_schema = warehouse and table_name = migrations and table_type = 'BASE TABLE')

现有配置信息 #

.env 文件内容 #

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=mysql
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=warehouse
DB_USERNAME=sail
DB_PASSWORD=password
FORWARD_DB_PORT=3307

完整 docker-compose.yml 文件 #

services:
    laravel.test:
        build:
            context: ./vendor/laravel/sail/runtimes/8.2
            dockerfile: Dockerfile
            args:
                WWWGROUP: '${WWWGROUP}'
        image: sail-8.2/app
        extra_hosts:
            - 'host.docker.internal:host-gateway'
        ports:
            - '${APP_PORT:-80}:80'
            - '${VITE_PORT:-5173}:${VITE_PORT:-5173}'
        environment:
            WWWUSER: '${WWWUSER}'
            LARAVEL_SAIL: 1
            XDEBUG_MODE: '${SAIL_XDEBUG_MODE:-off}'
            XDEBUG_CONFIG: '${SAIL_XDEBUG_CONFIG:-client_host=host.docker.internal}'
            IGNITION_LOCAL_SITES_PATH: '${PWD}'
        volumes:
            - '.:/var/www/html'
        networks:
            - sail
        depends_on:
            - mysql
            - redis
            - meilisearch
            - mailpit
            - selenium
    mysql:
        image: 'mysql/mysql-server:8.0'
        ports:
            - '${FORWARD_DB_PORT:-3307}:3306'
        environment:
            MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: '${DB_PASSWORD}'
            MYSQL_ROOT_HOST: '%'
            MYSQL_DATABASE: '${DB_DATABASE}'
            MYSQL_USER: '${DB_USERNAME}'
            MYSQL_PASSWORD: '${DB_PASSWORD}'
            MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD: 1
        volumes:
            - 'sail-mysql:/var/lib/mysql'
            - './vendor/laravel/sail/database/mysql/create-testing-database.sh:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/10-create-testing-database.sh'
        networks:
            - sail
        healthcheck:
            test:
                - CMD
                - mysqladmin
                - ping
                - '-p${DB_PASSWORD}'
            retries: 3
            timeout: 5s
    redis:
        image: 'redis:alpine'
        ports:
            - '${FORWARD_REDIS_PORT:-6379}:6379'
        volumes:
            - 'sail-redis:/data'
        networks:
            - sail
        healthcheck:
            test:
                - CMD
                - redis-cli
                - ping
            retries: 3
            timeout: 5s
    meilisearch:
        image: 'getmeili/meilisearch:latest'
        ports:
            - '${FORWARD_MEILISEARCH_PORT:-7700}:7700'
        environment:
            MEILI_NO_ANALYTICS: '${MEILISEARCH_NO_ANALYTICS:-false}'
        volumes:
            - 'sail-meilisearch:/meili_data'
        networks:
            - sail
        healthcheck:
            test:
                - CMD
                - wget
                - '--no-verbose'
                - '--spider'
                - 'http://localhost:7700/health'
            retries: 3
            timeout: 5s
    mailpit:
        image: 'axllent/mailpit:latest'
        ports:
            - '${FORWARD_MAILPIT_PORT:-1025}:1025'
            - '${FORWARD_MAILPIT_DASHBOARD_PORT:-8025}:8025'
        networks:
            - sail
    selenium:
        image: selenium/standalone-chrome
        extra_hosts:
            - 'host.docker.internal:host-gateway'
        volumes:
            - '/dev/shm:/dev/shm'
        networks:
            - sail
networks:
    sail:
        driver: bridge
volumes:
    sail-mysql:
        driver: local
    sail-redis:
        driver: local
    sail-meilisearch:
        driver: local

补充说明 #

• 基于Laravel Sail从零搭建，所有配置为默认值
• 可正常连接MySQL，所有Docker容器均处于运行状态

解决方法 #

1. 等待MySQL完全初始化再启动Laravel容器 #

depends_on仅保证容器启动顺序，不确保服务完全就绪。修改laravel.test的depends_on配置，依赖MySQL的健康检查状态：

depends_on:
    mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
    redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    meilisearch:
        condition: service_healthy
    mailpit:
        condition: service_started
    selenium:
        condition: service_started

2. 清理并重建MySQL数据卷 #

若数据卷存在初始化异常，执行以下命令重置：

# 停止容器并删除数据卷
./vendor/bin/sail down -v
# 重建并启动所有容器
./vendor/bin/sail up -d

3. 确保初始化脚本权限正确 #

给MySQL初始化脚本添加可执行权限：

chmod +x ./vendor/laravel/sail/database/mysql/create-testing-database.sh

4. 进入容器内部执行迁移 #

跳过外部网络直接在Laravel容器内操作：

# 进入容器终端
./vendor/bin/sail shell
# 执行迁移命令
php artisan migrate

5. 检查MySQL容器日志 #

查看MySQL是否正常完成初始化：

./vendor/bin/sail logs mysql

日志中出现ready for connections字样，说明服务已就绪。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Amir Zare