Java中如何在两个二维数组完全相同时终止do-while循环？

核心问题分析 #

你的代码主要有两个致命问题导致填对后无法终止循环：

1. 自定义的equals方法错误比较一维数组引用，而非逐个字符匹配；
2. do-while循环条件未加入数组匹配判断，仅依赖用户输入的option值。

分步修复方案 #

1. 修复二维数组比较方法 #

原方法仅判断一维数组的引用地址，完全没比较实际字符内容。替换为以下实现：

public static boolean equals(char[][] a, char[][] b) {
    // 先比较行数是否一致
    if (a.length != b.length)
        return false;
    // 遍历每一行，比较列数和每个字符
    for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
        if (a[i].length != b[i].length)
            return false;
        for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
            if (a[i][j] != b[i][j])
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

2. 修改循环终止条件 #

在do-while的循环条件中加入数组匹配判断，只要填对所有内容就终止循环：

do {
    // 原有循环逻辑...
} while (option == 1 && !equals(correctPuzzle, defaultPuzzle));

3. 优化循环结束后的逻辑 #

调整判断顺序，优先检查是否完成填字，确保用户完成后能直接显示祝贺信息：

if (equals(correctPuzzle, defaultPuzzle)) {
    System.out.println("\nCongratulations! You have solved the puzzle");
    // 打印完成的填字板
    for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
        System.out.println();
        for (int j = 0; j < 11; j++) {
            System.out.print(correctPuzzle[i][j] + " ");
        }
    }
} else if (option == 2) {
    // 显示正确答案的逻辑
    System.out.println("\nBetter luck next time! These were the correct answers!");
    for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
        System.out.println();
        for (int j = 0; j < 11; j++) {
            System.out.print(correctPuzzle[i][j] + " ");
        }
    }
}

4. 修复其他语法错误 #

• 补全开头打印语句的闭合双引号：

  System.out.println("Each letter must be in place of the empty space. Each letter must be written in full caps!");
  

• 补全correctPuzzle和defaultPuzzle初始化末尾的分号；
• 将Scanner实例移到循环外，避免重复创建，循环结束后调用sc.close()关闭资源。

完整修正代码 #

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("HI! This is a crossword puzzle using 2D arrays in JAVA!");
        System.out.println("There are 5 words in total, that you have to guess!");
        System.out.println("Each letter must be in place of the empty space. Each letter must be written in full caps!");

        char[][] correctPuzzle = {{' ','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', ' '},
                                  {'|','C','|', 'H', '|', 'A', '|','R', '|', '■', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|','L','|', 'O', '|', 'O', '|','P', '|', '■', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|','A','|', '■', '|', '■', '|','■', '|', 'I', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|','S','|', 'U', '|', 'M', '|','■', '|', 'N', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|','S','|', '■', '|', '■', '|','■', '|', 'T', '|'},
                                  {' ','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', ' '}};

        char[][] defaultPuzzle = {{' ','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', ' '},
                                  {'|',' ','|', ' ', '|', ' ', '|',' ', '|', '■', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|',' ','|', ' ', '|', ' ', '|',' ', '|', '■', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|',' ','|', '■', '|', '■', '|','■', '|', ' ', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|',' ','|', ' ', '|', ' ', '|','■', '|', ' ', '|'},
                                  {'|','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', '|'},
                                  {'|',' ','|', '■', '|', '■', '|','■', '|', ' ', '|'},
                                  {' ','—','—', '—', '—', '—', '—','—', '—', '—', ' '}};

        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int option;
        do{
            // 打印当前填字板
            for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
                System.out.println();
                for (int j = 0; j < 11; j++) {
                    System.out.print(defaultPuzzle[i][j] + " ");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
            // 显示问题
            System.out.println("Question 1 (1st column) What is blueprint for an object?");
            System.out.println("Question 2 (1st row) What data type represents a single character?");
            System.out.println("Question 3 (2nd row) Feature used to execute a particular part of the program repeatedly");
            System.out.println("Question 4 (4th row) Synonym for the word result - used in programming");
            System.out.println("Question 5 (5th column) Abbreviation of the word integer");
            System.out.println();
            
            // 用户输入答案编号和内容
            System.out.println("Which question would you like to answer? ");
            int ansNum = sc.nextInt();
            System.out.println("Input your guess! ");
            String guess;
            switch(ansNum) {
                case 1:
                    guess = sc.next();
                    if(guess.length() == 5) {
                        for(int rowNo = 1, charNo = 0; charNo < guess.length(); rowNo+=2, charNo++){
                            defaultPuzzle[rowNo][1] = guess.charAt(charNo);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        System.out.println("Incorrect answer length!");
                    }
                    break;

                case 2:
                    guess = sc.next();
                    if(guess.length() == 4) {
                        for(int collNo = 1, charNo = 0; charNo < guess.length(); collNo+=2, charNo++){
                            defaultPuzzle[1][collNo] = guess.charAt(charNo);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        System.out.println("Incorrect answer length!");
                    }
                    break;

                case 3:
                    guess = sc.next();
                    if(guess.length() == 4) {
                        for(int collNo = 1, charNo = 0; charNo < guess.length(); collNo+=2, charNo++){
                            defaultPuzzle[3][collNo] = guess.charAt(charNo);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        System.out.println("Incorrect answer length!");
                    }
                    break;

                case 4:
                    guess = sc.next();
                    if(guess.length() == 3) {
                        for(int collNo = 1, charNo = 0; charNo < guess.length(); collNo+=2, charNo++){
                            defaultPuzzle[7][collNo] = guess.charAt(charNo);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        System.out.println("Incorrect answer length!");
                    }
                    break;

                case 5:
                    guess = sc.next();
                    if(guess.length() == 3) {
                        for(int rowNo = 5, charNo = 0; charNo < guess.length(); rowNo+=2, charNo++){
                            defaultPuzzle[rowNo][9] = guess.charAt(charNo);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        System.out.println("Incorrect answer length!");
                    }
                    break;

                default:
                    System.out.println("This answer doesn't exist. Please select 1-5!!!");

            }

            // 提前判断是否完成，若完成直接终止循环
            if (equals(correctPuzzle, defaultPuzzle)) {
                option = 0;
                break;
            }

            // 用户选择是否继续
            System.out.println("If you want to continue and see your progress, press 1");
            System.out.println("If you are struggling and want to see the correct answers, press 2");
            option = sc.nextInt();

        } while (option == 1 && !equals(correctPuzzle, defaultPuzzle));

        // 循环结束后的结果展示
        if (equals(correctPuzzle, defaultPuzzle)) {
            System.out.println("\nCongratulations! You have solved the puzzle");
            for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
                System.out.println();
                for (int j = 0; j < 11; j++) {
                    System.out.print(correctPuzzle[i][j] + " ");
                }
            }
        } else if (option == 2) {
            System.out.println("\nBetter luck next time! These were the correct answers!");
            for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
                System.out.println();
                for (int j = 0; j < 11; j++) {
                    System.out.print(correctPuzzle[i][j] + " ");
                }
            }
        }
        sc.close();
    }

    public static boolean equals(char[][] a, char[][] b) {
        if (a.length != b.length)
            return false;
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            if (a[i].length != b[i].length)
                return false;
            for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
                if (a[i][j] != b[i][j])
                    return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Patrona7