设备已连接但React Native应用运行失败（runOnAllDevices）

之前每日均可正常运行的React Native项目，如今应用持续构建失败，报错信息如下：

BUILD FAILED in 7s

error Failed to install the app. Make sure you have the Android development environment set up: https://reactnative.dev/docs/environment-setup.
Error: Command failed: ./gradlew app:installDebug -PreactNativeDevServerPort=8081

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Task 'installDebug' not found in project ':app'.

* Try:
> Run gradlew tasks to get a list of available tasks.
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 7s

    at makeError (/var/www/html/vituzzo_mobile/node_modules/execa/index.js:174:9)
    at /var/www/html/vituzzo_mobile/node_modules/execa/index.js:278:16
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)
    at async runOnAllDevices (/var/www/html/vituzzo_mobile/node_modules/@react-native-community/cli-platform-android/build/commands/runAndroid/runOnAllDevices.js:82:7)
    at async Command.handleAction (/var/www/html/vituzzo_mobile/node_modules/@react-native-community/cli/build/index.js:111:9)

已尝试的操作：

• 执行adb devices确认设备正常连接，排除设备断开问题
• 检查环境变量，配置看似无误
• 运行npx react-native doctor检测出Android SDK、JDK及Android Studio未完成配置，尝试doctor的e和f选项，未解决问题

解决方案 #

1. 手动校验并修复环境变量 #

确保以下环境变量正确配置（Linux/macOS编辑~/.bashrc或~/.zshrc，Windows在系统属性中配置）：

• ANDROID_HOME：指向Android SDK安装目录（例如/home/xxx/Android/Sdk或C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk）
• JAVA_HOME：指向符合React Native要求的JDK版本（推荐JDK 11）
• 将$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools和$ANDROID_HOME/tools/bin加入系统PATH

配置完成后重启终端，执行echo $ANDROID_HOME、echo $JAVA_HOME验证变量是否生效。

2. 修复Android项目Gradle配置 #

进入项目的android目录，执行以下步骤：

• 运行./gradlew tasks查看可用任务，确认是否存在installDebug相关任务
• 打开android/app/build.gradle，确保开头存在apply plugin: 'com.android.application'，且buildTypes中包含debug配置：

buildTypes {
    debug {
        minifyEnabled false
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}

• 执行./gradlew clean清理Gradle缓存，再回到项目根目录运行npx react-native run-android

3. 通过Android Studio同步修复配置 #

将项目的android目录导入Android Studio，等待Gradle自动同步完成。若出现同步错误，根据提示安装缺失的SDK组件、更新Gradle版本或修复依赖冲突。

4. 重新安装项目依赖 #

回到项目根目录，执行以下命令：

rm -rf node_modules
npm install
cd android && ./gradlew clean
cd .. && npx react-native run-android

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者alexandre9865