使用PyCharm创建虚拟环境时出现KeyError错误

PyCharm 2023.2.1社区版（运行于Windows 11系统，搭配Python 3.9）无法自动为项目创建虚拟环境，必须手动操作，过程中触发zipapp相关错误，核心报错信息如下：

File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\util\zipapp.py", line 19, in extract
    import {module}
File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\AppData\Local\Programs\python39\lib\zipfile.py", line 1438, in getinfo
    raise KeyError(
KeyError: "There is no item named 'ate/via_global_ref/_virtualenv.py' in the archive"

完整堆栈跟踪：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\AppData\Local\Programs\python39\lib\runpy.py", line 197, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\AppData\Local\Programs\python39\lib\runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\__main__.py", line 167, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\__main__.py", line 163, in run
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\__main__.py", line 16, in run
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\run\__init__.py", line 30, in cli_run
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\run\session.py", line 42, in run
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\run\session.py", line 49, in _create
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\create\creator.py", line 153, in run
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\create\via_global_ref\builtin\via_global_self_do.py", line 93, in create
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\create\via_global_ref\api.py", line 83, in create
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\create\via_global_ref\api.py", line 86, in install_patch
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\create\via_global_ref\api.py", line 97, in env_patch_text
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\AppData\Local\Programs\python39\lib\contextlib.py", line 119, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\app_data\base.py", line 54, in ensure_extracted
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\AppData\Local\Programs\python39\lib\contextlib.py", line 119, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\app_data\via_disk_folder.py", line 78, in extract
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz\virtualenv\util\zipapp.py", line 19, in extract
    import {module}
  File "C:\Users\marco.sulla\AppData\Local\Programs\python39\lib\zipfile.py", line 1438, in getinfo
    raise KeyError(
KeyError: "There is no item named 'ate/via_global_ref/_virtualenv.py' in the archive"

解决方法 #

• 清理PyCharm缓存：打开PyCharm，依次点击File -> Invalidate Caches...，选择Invalidate and Restart，重启后尝试重新创建虚拟环境
• 更新virtualenv：在命令行执行pip install --upgrade virtualenv，之后在PyCharm的Python解释器配置中，选择使用系统安装的virtualenv而非内置版本
• 检查内置virtualenv包完整性：找到路径C:\Users\marco.sulla\Programs\pycharm\plugins\python-ce\helpers\virtualenv-20.16.7.pyz，尝试用解压工具打开该文件，若解压失败说明包已损坏，需重新安装PyCharm或替换该文件
• 手动创建虚拟环境并导入：在项目根目录打开命令行，执行python -m venv venv创建虚拟环境，然后在PyCharm中依次点击File -> Settings -> Project: [你的项目名] -> Python Interpreter，点击右上角齿轮图标选择Add，在弹出窗口中选择已创建的虚拟环境目录下的Scripts\python.exe

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Marco Sulla