使用rmarkdown::render()生成PDF时LaTeX编译失败求助

安全阿岳

2026-7-10

问题：R Markdown渲染PDF失败（关联ggplot代码）

执行渲染命令：

rmarkdown::render("Code/AnalyzeDataMFSQuant.R", "pdf_document")

出现报错：

Package pdftex.def Error: File 'AnalyzeDataMFSQuant_files/figure-latex/Things (Gifts, art, cards, jewellery, family heirlooms)-1.pdf' not found: using draft setting

最终LaTeX编译失败。其他R脚本可正常渲染，仅包含以下ggplot代码时出现问题：

ggplot(MFS_RespondentLevelOfConfidenceInSouvenirReachingHeirs, aes(x = HowConfidentDescendantsWillFind, y = PctInterested)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "skyblue") +
  labs(title = "Percentage of people who believe in souvenir naturally reaching heirs ",
       x = "Level of confidence (1= No confidence, 5=full confidence)",
       y = "Pct of respondents") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1)) +
  theme_minimal()

解决方案

问题本质：LaTeX对文件名中的空格、括号等特殊字符兼容性差，自动生成的图片文件名包含这些字符，导致pdftex无法定位文件。

方法1：手动指定图片文件名
将ggplot对象赋值给变量，用ggsave()输出到不含特殊字符的文件，再手动插入到文档中：

# 生成图表对象
p <- ggplot(MFS_RespondentLevelOfConfidenceInSouvenirReachingHeirs, aes(x = HowConfidentDescendantsWillFind, y = PctInterested)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "skyblue") +
  labs(title = "Percentage of people who believe in souvenir naturally reaching heirs ",
       x = "Level of confidence (1= No confidence, 5=full confidence)",
       y = "Pct of respondents") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1)) +
  theme_minimal()

# 保存为安全文件名
ggsave("figure_confidence_heirs.pdf", plot = p, device = "pdf")

在文档中插入图片：

![受访者对传家宝到达后代的信心比例](figure_confidence_heirs.pdf)

方法2：全局设置替换特殊字符
在R Markdown的YAML头部添加配置，自动将图片文件名中的特殊字符替换为下划线：
```
output:
  pdf_document:
    fig.path: "AnalyzeDataMFSQuant_files/figure-latex/"
    fig.process: "function(x) gsub('[^a-zA-Z0-9_]', '_', x)"
```

方法3：代码块级别指定文件名
在包含ggplot的代码块中设置fig.name为不含特殊字符的名称：

```{r fig.name="confidence_heirs"}
ggplot(MFS_RespondentLevelOfConfidenceInSouvenirReachingHeirs, aes(x = HowConfidentDescendantsWillFind, y = PctInterested)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "skyblue") +
  labs(title = "Percentage of people who believe in souvenir naturally reaching heirs ",
       x = "Level of confidence (1= No confidence, 5=full confidence)",
       y = "Pct of respondents") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1)) +
  theme_minimal()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BertyLux