树莓派4更新npm时出现Error: npm.load() required错误求助

我想在树莓派4上安装IO Broker，怀疑之前已经装过，执行了一些更新命令后，现在一直收到Error: npm.load() required错误。执行sudo npm install -g npm@latest时的详细报错如下：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo npm install -g npm@latest
TypeError: isexe is not a function
at E (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/which/which.js:82:7)
at F (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/which/which.js:91:7)
at which (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/which/which.js:92:5)
at load (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/npm.js:250:5)
at EventEmitter.npm.load (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/npm.js:246:5)
at /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js:79:7
at Object.<anonymous> (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js:155:3)
at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1114:14)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1143:10)
at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:979:32)
/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/npm.js:59
throw new Error('npm.load() required')
Error: npm.load() required
at Object.get (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/npm.js:59:13)
at process.errorHandler (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/utils/error-handler.js:208:32)
at process.emit (events.js:400:28)
at process._fatalException (internal/process/execution.js:167:25)

这种情况是npm核心依赖损坏导致的，直接修复难度大，建议彻底卸载后重新安装node.js和npm：

• 彻底清理现有node.js和npm
  执行命令删除所有相关文件：

  sudo apt-get purge nodejs npm -y
  sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/node_modules/
  sudo rm -rf ~/.npm/
  sudo rm -rf /etc/npmrc
  

• 更新系统包

  sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
  

• 安装官方稳定版node.js和npm
  用NodeSource源安装适配树莓派4的Node.js 20.x版本：

  curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -
  sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
  

• 验证安装状态
  确认版本输出正常：

  node -v
  npm -v
  

• 安装IO Broker
  现在可以正常执行IO Broker安装命令：

  curl -sLf https://iobroker.net/install.sh | bash -
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者birdy