在STS 4.20.0中运行JUnit测试时出现NoSuchMethodError问题求助

问题现象 #

在Spring Tool Suite (4.20.0)中右键执行JUnit测试时，测试逻辑正常执行（日志输出Transforming XML），但测试结束后抛出如下错误：

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'java.util.Set org.junit.platform.engine.TestDescriptor.getAncestors()'
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.getTestClassNames(StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.java:50)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.executionFinished(StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.java:39)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DelegatingEngineExecutionListener.executionFinished(DelegatingEngineExecutionListener.java:46)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.OutcomeDelayingEngineExecutionListener.reportEngineFailure(OutcomeDelayingEngineExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:203)

注意：使用Gradle任务在STS外运行测试时一切正常。

项目配置 #

Gradle插件配置 #

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'eclipse'
    id 'eclipse-wtp'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version "3.1.4"
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version "1.1.3"
}

依赖配置 #

implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-parent:3.1.4")
implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-configuration-processor")
implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")

代码示例 #

测试类 #

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = ConfigDataApplicationContextInitializer.class, classes = { TransformService.class})
@Slf4j
public class TransformServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    TransformService transformService;
    @Test
    public void transformXmlTest() throws Exception {
        transformService.transformXml();
    }
}

服务类 #

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TransformService {
    public void transformXml() {
        log.info("Transforming XML");
    }
}

完整运行日志 #

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Sharing is only supported for boot loader classes because bootstrap classpath has been appended
2023-10-06 10:00:33.097  INFO Transforming XML | com.dowill.xsl.service.TransformService
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'java.util.Set org.junit.platform.engine.TestDescriptor.getAncestors()'
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.getTestClassNames(StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.java:50)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.executionFinished(StackTracePruningEngineExecutionListener.java:39)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DelegatingEngineExecutionListener.executionFinished(DelegatingEngineExecutionListener.java:46)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.OutcomeDelayingEngineExecutionListener.reportEngineFailure(OutcomeDelayingEngineExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:203)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:169)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:93)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:58)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:141)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:57)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:103)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:94)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DelegatingLauncher.execute(DelegatingLauncher.java:52)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:70)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit5.runner.JUnit5TestReference.run(JUnit5TestReference.java:98)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:40)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:529)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:756)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:452)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:210)

问题分析与解决方案 #

核心原因 #

该异常由JUnit Platform版本不兼容导致：

• STS内置的JUnit Launcher组件依赖的org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher版本，与Spring Boot 3.1.4引入的JUnit Platform核心库版本不一致。
• TestDescriptor.getAncestors()方法是JUnit Platform 1.8+版本新增的，如果STS使用的Launcher版本低于此版本，而项目依赖的核心库为高版本，就会出现方法找不到的错误。

解决步骤 #

1. 强制统一JUnit Platform版本：在Gradle的dependencyManagement块中显式指定JUnit Platform相关依赖版本，确保与Spring Boot依赖版本一致：

dependencyManagement {
    imports {
        mavenBom org.springframework.boot.gradle.plugin.SpringBootPlugin.BOM_COORDINATES
    }
    dependencies {
        dependency 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:1.10.0' // 对应Spring Boot 3.1.4的版本
    }
}

2. 更新STS的JUnit插件：通过STS的Help > Eclipse Marketplace搜索JUnit相关插件并更新至最新版本，确保内置Launcher组件版本与项目依赖匹配。

3. 使用Gradle任务在STS内运行测试：暂时可通过STS的Gradle视图执行test任务运行测试，规避STS内置JUnit launcher的版本冲突问题。

4. 修复依赖配置错误：原依赖中错误地将spring-boot-starter-parent作为implementation依赖，它应在build.gradle的parent块中声明，而非普通依赖：

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'eclipse'
    id 'eclipse-wtp'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version "3.1.4"
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version "1.1.3"
}

parent {
    id 'org.springframework.boot'
    version '3.1.4'
}

该错误虽不直接引发当前异常，但会造成依赖管理混乱，建议修正。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Do Will