如何加速超大规模文件项目中的ESLint运行速度？

我维护一个约20GB的Git仓库（基于Git LFS存储数据），仓库内大部分是JSON/CSV/YAML文件，零散分布少量.ts和.js文件。随着仓库规模增长，在Mac上使用VSCode按CMD+s保存.ts/.js文件时，底部粉色进度条会持续运行3分钟以上才能完成，严重影响开发效率。已多次重启电脑和VSCode，问题仍未解决，仅在仓库规模变大后出现该现象。

当前配置文件 #

.eslintrc.json #

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2021": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaVersion": "latest",
    "sourceType": "module",
    "project": ["./tsconfig.json"]
  },
  "ignorePatterns": ["**/*.js", "import/github/**/*/data"],
  "parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
  "plugins": [
    "@typescript-eslint",
    "import",
    "simple-import-sort",
    "typescript-sort-keys",
    "sort-keys",
    "prettier"
  ],
  "extends": ["prettier"],
  "rules": {
    "curly": 2,
    "@typescript-eslint/quotes": [
      "error",
      "single",
      {
        "avoidEscape": true,
        "allowTemplateLiterals": true
      }
    ],
    "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition": 0,
    "@typescript-eslint/array-type": [
      2,
      {
        "default": "generic"
      }
    ],
    "@typescript-eslint/await-thenable": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-definitions": [2, "type"],
    "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-exports": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/method-signature-style": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/naming-convention": 0,
    "@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-for-in-array": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-namespace": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-require-imports": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-this-alias": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-argument": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-member-access": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-return": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-useless-empty-export": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/prefer-function-type": "off",
    "no-array-constructor": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-array-constructor": "off",
    "no-throw-literal": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/no-throw-literal": "off",
    "lines-between-class-members": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/lines-between-class-members": "off",
    "object-curly-spacing": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/object-curly-spacing": [2, "always"],
    "padding-line-between-statements": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/padding-line-between-statements": [
      "error",
      {
        "blankLine": "always",
        "prev": "*",
        "next": ["type"]
      }
    ],
    "space-before-blocks": "off",
    "@typescript-eslint/space-before-blocks": ["error", "always"],
    "@typescript-eslint/type-annotation-spacing": [
      "error",
      { "after": true }
    ],
    "import/first": "error",
    "import/newline-after-import": "error",
    "import/no-duplicates": "error",
    "typescript-sort-keys/interface": "off",
    "typescript-sort-keys/string-enum": "off",
    "sort-keys": 0,
    "sort-keys/sort-keys-fix": "off",
    "prettier/prettier": 2,
    "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": "off",
    "default-case": "off",
    "default-case-last": "off"
  }
}

.prettierrc.json #

{
  "semi": false,
  "trailingComma": "all",
  "singleQuote": true,
  "printWidth": 72,
  "tabWidth": 2,
  "useTabs": false,
  "arrowParens": "avoid",
  "quoteProps": "as-needed",
  "bracketSpacing": true,
  "proseWrap": "always",
  "endOfLine": "lf",
  "singleAttributePerLine": true,
  "prettierPath": "./node_modules/prettier",
  "importOrder": ["^\\w(.*)$", "^@(.*)$", "~(.*)$", "\\..(.*)$", "\\.(.*)$"],
  "importOrderSeparation": true,
  "importOrderSortSpecifiers": true
}

tsconfig.json #

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "ESNext",
    "target": "ESNext",
    "lib": ["es2020", "dom", "dom.iterable"],
    "outDir": "host",
    "rootDir": ".",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "strictNullChecks": false,
    "strict": false,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": false,
    "baseUrl": ".",
    "noErrorTruncation": true,
    "types": ["node"],
    "typeRoots": ["node_modules/@types"],
    "noImplicitAny": false,
    "declaration": true,
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "paths": {
      "~/*": ["./*"]
    }
  },
  "ts-node": {
    "files": true
  },
  "include": ["*.ts", "**/*.ts", "*.d.ts"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "host"]
}

问题原因分析 #

1. TypeScript编译器扫描范围过大：当前tsconfig.json的include覆盖所有TS文件，加上resolveJsonModule开启后，编译器会处理仓库内所有导入的JSON文件，大体积仓库导致编译检查耗时剧增。
2. ESLint/Prettier未完全排除无关文件：ESLint的忽略规则仅排除了部分JS文件和特定目录，未覆盖所有大型数据文件，保存时会遍历大量非代码文件进行检查。
3. VSCode索引与Git LFS拖慢后台进程：VSCode会自动索引仓库内所有文件，Git LFS存储的大文件拖慢索引速度，保存时后台可能同步LFS状态或重新索引。
4. ESLint无缓存机制：未开启缓存时，每次保存都会重新检查所有符合规则的文件，而非仅修改的文件。

可行解决办法 #

1. 缩小TypeScript编译范围 #

修改tsconfig.json的include和exclude，明确只包含需要编译的TS文件，排除所有数据文件：

{
  "include": ["src/**/*.ts", "*.ts", "*.d.ts"], // 根据实际TS文件位置调整
  "exclude": [
    "node_modules",
    "host",
    "**/*.json",
    "**/*.csv",
    "**/*.yaml",
    "**/*.yml",
    "import/github/**/*/data"
  ]
}

若不需要导入JSON文件，可关闭resolveJsonModule：

"resolveJsonModule": false,

2. 优化ESLint规则与缓存 #

扩展.eslintrc.json的ignorePatterns，排除所有非TS/JS的大型文件：

"ignorePatterns": [
  "**/*.js",
  "**/*.json",
  "**/*.csv",
  "**/*.yaml",
  "**/*.yml",
  "import/github/**/*/data"
]

开启ESLint缓存，减少重复检查：

"cache": true,
"cacheLocation": "./node_modules/.cache/eslint"

或在VSCode设置中搜索eslint.cache，勾选启用。

3. 调整VSCode索引与Git LFS设置 #

• 排除大文件目录索引：打开VSCode设置（CMD+,），搜索files.exclude和search.exclude，添加排除项：

  "files.exclude": {
    "**/*.json": true,
    "**/*.csv": true,
    "**/*.yaml": true,
    "**/*.yml": true,
    "import/github/**/*/data": true
  },
  "search.exclude": {
    "**/*.json": true,
    "**/*.csv": true,
    "**/*.yaml": true,
    "**/*.yml": true,
    "import/github/**/*/data": true
  }
  

• 禁用Git LFS自动同步：执行Git命令排除指定目录的LFS自动拉取：

  git config lfs.fetchexclude "import/github/**/*/data/**"
  

4. 优化Prettier处理 #

创建.prettierignore文件，排除非代码文件：

*.json
*.csv
*.yaml
*.yml
import/github/**/*/data

5. 拆分仓库（长期方案） #

将大型数据文件与代码仓库分离，单独用Git LFS管理数据仓库，代码仓库仅保留TS/JS文件和配置文件，通过子模块或外部存储引用数据，从根源减少代码仓库体积。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lance Pollard