MacOS创建React Native项目遇bundler加载pod命令失败求助

问题场景 #

执行npx react-native@latest init myApp创建React Native项目，本地通过rbenv管理Ruby 3.2.2，已安装CocoaPods 1.13.0（路径：/Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.13.0/lib/cocoapods.rb），但在安装CocoaPods依赖环节触发以下错误：

Installing CocoaPods dependencies (this may take a few minutes)
error bundler: failed to load command: pod (/Users/nameUser/Desktop/proj/myApp/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/bin/pod)
/Users/nameUser/Desktop/proj/myApp/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb:108:in `<class:Array>': undefined method `deprecator' for ActiveSupport:Module (NoMethodError)

  deprecate to_default_s: :to_s, deprecator: ActiveSupport.deprecator
                                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^
Did you mean?  deprecate_constant
    from /Users/nameUser/Desktop/proj/myApp/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb:8:in `<top (required)>'
    from <internal:/Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:38:in `require'
    from <internal:/Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:38:in `require'
    from /Users/nameUser/Desktop/proj/myApp/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.13.0/lib/cocoapods.rb:9:in `<top (required)>'
    from <internal:/Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:38:in `require'
    from <internal:/Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:38:in `require'
    from /Users/nameUser/Desktop/proj/myApp/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/gems/cocoapods-1.13.0/bin/pod:36:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/nameUser/Desktop/proj/myApp/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/bin/pod:25:in `load'
    from /Users/nameUser/Desktop/proj/myApp/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.2.0/bin/pod:25:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/cli/exec.rb:58:in `load'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/cli/exec.rb:58:in `kernel_load'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/cli/exec.rb:23:in `run'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/cli.rb:492:in `exec'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/invocation.rb:127:in `invoke_command'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb:392:in `dispatch'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/cli.rb:34:in `dispatch'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/base.rb:485:in `start'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/cli.rb:28:in `start'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/bundler-2.4.20/exe/bundle:37:in `block in <top (required)>'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/friendly_errors.rb:117:in `with_friendly_errors'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/bundler-2.4.20/exe/bundle:29:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/bin/bundle:25:in `load'
    from /Users/nameUser/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/bin/bundle:25:in `<main>'
✖ Installing CocoaPods dependencies (this may take a few minutes)
error Looks like your iOS environment is not properly set. Please go to https://reactnative.dev/docs/environment-setup?os=macos&platform=android and follow the React Native CLI QuickStart guide for macOS and iOS.

问题原因 #

CocoaPods 1.13.0与ActiveSupport 7.1.x存在兼容性冲突：ActiveSupport 7.1.x移除了全局的ActiveSupport.deprecator方法，但CocoaPods 1.13.0的代码仍在调用该方法，导致触发NoMethodError。

解决方案 #

方案1：锁定ActiveSupport到兼容版本（7.0.x） #

1. 进入项目iOS目录：

   cd myApp/ios
   

2. 编辑Podfile，在文件最顶部添加以下内容：

   gem 'activesupport', '~> 7.0.8'
   

3. 清理旧依赖缓存：

   rm -rf vendor/bundle
   rm Podfile.lock
   rm -rf Pods
   

4. 重新安装依赖：

   bundle install && pod install
   

方案2：升级CocoaPods到兼容版本（1.14.0+） #

CocoaPods 1.14.0及以上版本已修复该兼容性问题，可直接升级：

1. 全局升级CocoaPods：

   gem install cocoapods -v 1.14.0
   

2. 进入项目iOS目录，清理旧依赖：

   cd myApp/ios
   rm -rf vendor/bundle
   rm Podfile.lock
   rm -rf Pods
   

3. 重新安装依赖：

   bundle install && pod install
   

方案3：使用本地Gemfile锁定依赖版本 #

1. 在项目iOS目录下创建Gemfile，内容如下：

   source 'https://rubygems.org'
   gem 'cocoapods', '~> 1.13.0'
   gem 'activesupport', '~> 7.0.8'
   

2. 安装指定版本的依赖：

   bundle install
   

3. 通过bundle执行pod命令：

   bundle exec pod install
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Paul