spring-data-elasticsearch与spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch的区别及报错解析

迁移至Spring Boot 2.7.15版本后，向Elasticsearch索引保存文档时触发如下错误：

2023-10-04 13:23:01 [pool-2-thread-10] ERROR o.s.s.s.TaskUtils$LoggingErrorHandler -
                Unexpected error occurred in scheduled task
java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: INDEX_CONTENT_TYPE
    at org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.RequestFactory.indexRequest(RequestFactory.java:771)
    at org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchRestTemplate.doIndex(ElasticsearchRestTemplate.java:156)
    at org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.AbstractElasticsearchTemplate.save(AbstractElasticsearchTemplate.java:189)
    at org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.support.SimpleElasticsearchRepository.lambda$save$6(SimpleElasticsearchRepository.java:185)
    at org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.support.SimpleElasticsearchRepository.executeAndRefresh(SimpleElasticsearchRepository.java:359)
    at org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.support.SimpleElasticsearchRepository.save(SimpleElasticsearchRepository.java:185)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:578)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryMethodInvoker$RepositoryFragmentMethodInvoker.lambda$new$0(RepositoryMethodInvoker.java:289)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryMethodInvoker.doInvoke(RepositoryMethodInvoker.java:137)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryMethodInvoker.invoke(RepositoryMethodInvoker.java:121)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition$RepositoryFragments.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:530)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:286)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$ImplementationMethodExecutionInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:640)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.doInvoke(QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.java:164)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.invoke(QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.java:139)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:97)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:241)
    at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy100.save(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:578)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:344)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:198)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:163)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:137)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:241)
    at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy100.save(Unknown Source)

切换为spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch依赖后问题解决，以下是这两个依赖的核心区别：

1. 版本兼容性管理 #

• spring-data-elasticsearch：仅提供Elasticsearch数据操作的核心实现，不处理版本匹配，需手动确保其与Spring Boot、Elasticsearch客户端版本兼容。本次报错就是因为该依赖版本与Spring Boot 2.7.15不匹配，引用了新版Elasticsearch客户端已移除的INDEX_CONTENT_TYPE字段。
• spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch：Spring Boot官方启动器，自动继承Spring Boot的版本依赖管理，拉取与当前Boot版本完全兼容的Spring Data Elasticsearch、Elasticsearch客户端等组件，从根源避免版本冲突。

2. 依赖完整性 #

• spring-data-elasticsearch：只包含核心数据操作类，需自行引入Elasticsearch REST客户端、连接池、Jackson序列化等配套依赖，易出现依赖缺失或版本不统一。
• spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch：一次性引入所有必要依赖，无需手动补充，开箱即可搭建Elasticsearch操作环境。

3. 自动配置支持 #

• spring-data-elasticsearch：无Spring Boot自动配置能力，需手动编写配置类初始化RestHighLevelClient、ElasticsearchRestTemplate等核心Bean。
• spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch：提供自动配置，只需在配置文件中填写Elasticsearch地址、认证信息等参数，即可自动生成并注入所需的操作Bean，减少手动配置成本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Athul Samuel