win32con常量解析及全屏窗口样式判断技术求助

问题背景 #

需要区分普通全屏（窗口最大化）和独占全屏窗口，编写Python代码获取窗口样式时，发现win32con.WS_MAXIMIZE常量值和输出的窗口样式数值不匹配，想搞清楚Windows窗口样式数值的生成逻辑。已知《漫威蜘蛛侠：重制版》是独占全屏，PotPlayer播放视频时为普通全屏。

窗口样式数值的核心逻辑 #

Windows窗口样式是**位掩码（Bitmask）**结构：

• 每个WS_/WS_EX_常量对应二进制中的某一位（仅该位为1，其余为0），比如WS_MAXIMIZE = 16777216，对应二进制是10000000000000000000000（第25位，从0开始计数）。
• 窗口的最终样式数值，是多个样式常量的**按位或（OR）**结果（因每个位不重叠，也可理解为数值相加）。也就是说，样式数值的每一位代表是否启用了对应的样式属性。
• 判断某个样式是否启用，必须用**按位与（AND）**操作：若(窗口样式数值 & 目标常量) != 0，说明该样式已启用；直接对比数值是否相等是错误的，因为窗口样式是多个属性的组合。

结合输出与代码分析 #

1. WS_MAXIMIZE的判断逻辑 #

代码中用GetWindowLong(window.hwnd, win32con.GWL_STYLE) & win32con.WS_MAXIMIZE过滤窗口，输出的MAXIMIZED列表里没有《漫威蜘蛛侠：重制版》，这正是独占全屏的核心特征：

• 独占全屏不是通过普通窗口最大化实现的，而是直接接管显示设备，因此它的窗口样式中不会设置WS_MAXIMIZE位。
• PotPlayer的普通全屏本质是窗口最大化，其样式中包含WS_MAXIMIZE位，未出现在列表可能是代码执行时窗口状态变化或get_apps_by_z_order的过滤逻辑导致，但核心判断逻辑是成立的。

2. 各窗口样式数值拆解 #

GWL_STYLE（基础样式）

• 漫威蜘蛛侠：369098752 = WS_VISIBLE(268435456) + WS_CLIPSIBLINGS(67108864) + WS_CLIPCHILDREN(33554432)，无WS_MAXIMIZE位，符合独占全屏的样式特征。
• PotPlayer：-1764818944转32位无符号整数为2530148352，包含WS_MAXIMIZE(16777216)、WS_VISIBLE(268435456)及WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW相关位，是普通最大化窗口的典型样式。

GWL_EXSTYLE（扩展样式）

• 漫威蜘蛛侠：8 = WS_EX_TOPMOST，符合独占全屏窗口置顶、独占显示的特征。
• PotPlayer：262416 = WS_EX_APPWINDOW(262144) + WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE(256)，是普通窗口最大化后的典型扩展样式。

区分两种全屏的关键方法 #

1. 独占全屏：

   • 基础样式（GWL_STYLE）中不包含WS_MAXIMIZE位（& win32con.WS_MAXIMIZE == 0）
   • 通常包含WS_POPUP、WS_VISIBLE位
   • 扩展样式（GWL_EXSTYLE）可能包含WS_EX_TOPMOST
   • 辅助判断：窗口覆盖整个屏幕且无标题栏、边框（通过WS_BORDER、WS_CAPTION位判断）

2. 普通全屏（窗口最大化）：

   • 基础样式中包含WS_MAXIMIZE位（& win32con.WS_MAXIMIZE != 0）
   • 通常包含WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW相关位（WS_CAPTION、WS_BORDER等）
   • 扩展样式可能包含WS_EX_APPWINDOW

附：代码与输出内容 #

Python代码

from win32gui import GetWindowLong, GetWindowText
from pyvda import AppView, get_apps_by_z_order  # noqa
from datetime import datetime
import win32con
import inspect

# Spider-Man: Exclusive Fullscreen
tinmestamp = datetime.now().timestamp()
while datetime.now().timestamp() - tinmestamp < 10:
    continue

with open('GWL.txt', 'w') as file:
    for key, value in [member for member in inspect.getmembers(win32con) if 'GWL' in member[0]]:
        file.write(f'{key + ": int":35} = {value}\n')

with open('256.txt', 'w') as file:
    for key, value in [member for member in inspect.getmembers(win32con) if member[1] == 256]:
        file.write(f'{key + ": int":35} = {value}\n')

with open('WS.txt', 'w') as file:
    for key, value in [member for member in inspect.getmembers(win32con) if member[0].startswith('WS_')]:
        file.write(f'{key + ": int":35} = {value}\n')

with open('win32con.txt', 'w') as file:
    for key, value in [member for member in inspect.getmembers(win32con) if member[0].isupper()]:
        file.write(f'{key + ": int":35} = {value}\n')


print(f'{"MAXIMIZED":>12}')
windows = [window for window in get_apps_by_z_order(current_desktop = False) if (GetWindowLong(window.hwnd, win32con.GWL_STYLE) & win32con.WS_MAXIMIZE)]
for window in windows:
    print(f'{GetWindowText(window.hwnd)}')
print()

print(f'{"GWL_STYLE":>12}')
for window in get_apps_by_z_order(current_desktop = False):
    print(f'{GetWindowLong(window.hwnd, win32con.GWL_STYLE):<15} {GetWindowText(window.hwnd)}')
print()

print(f'{"GWL_EXSTYLE":>14}')
for window in get_apps_by_z_order(current_desktop = False):
    print(f'{GetWindowLong(window.hwnd, win32con.GWL_EXSTYLE):<15} {GetWindowText(window.hwnd)}')

代码输出

MAXIMIZED
MonitorPowerUtility – topmost.py
Alienware Command Center

   GWL_STYLE
369098752       Marvel's Spider-Man Remastered v2.616.0.0
399441920       MonitorPowerUtility – topmost.py
-1781596160     Alienware Command Center
382664704       Can anyone explain to me how these constants in win32con are picked apart? - Stack Overflow — Mozilla Firefox
-1764818944     FBI - S02E14 - Studio Gangster.mkv - PotPlayer

   GWL_EXSTYLE
8               Marvel's Spider-Man Remastered v2.616.0.0
256             MonitorPowerUtility – topmost.py
2097408         Alienware Command Center
256             Can anyone explain to me how these constants in win32con are picked apart? - Stack Overflow — Mozilla Firefox
262416          FBI - S02E14 - Studio Gangster.mkv - PotPlayer

生成的WS.txt内容

WS_ACTIVECAPTION: int               = 1
WS_BORDER: int                      = 8388608
WS_CAPTION: int                     = 12582912
WS_CHILD: int                       = 1073741824
WS_CHILDWINDOW: int                 = 1073741824
WS_CLIPCHILDREN: int                = 33554432
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS: int                = 67108864
WS_DISABLED: int                    = 134217728
WS_DLGFRAME: int                    = 4194304
WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES: int              = 16
WS_EX_APPWINDOW: int                = 262144
WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE: int               = 512
WS_EX_COMPOSITED: int               = 33554432
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP: int              = 1024
WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT: int            = 65536
WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME: int            = 1
WS_EX_LAYERED: int                  = 524288
WS_EX_LAYOUTRTL: int                = 4194304
WS_EX_LEFT: int                     = 0
WS_EX_LEFTSCROLLBAR: int            = 16384
WS_EX_LTRREADING: int               = 0
WS_EX_MDICHILD: int                 = 64
WS_EX_NOACTIVATE: int               = 134217728
WS_EX_NOINHERITLAYOUT: int          = 1048576
WS_EX_NOPARENTNOTIFY: int           = 4
WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: int         = 768
WS_EX_PALETTEWINDOW: int            = 392
WS_EX_RIGHT: int                    = 4096
WS_EX_RIGHTSCROLLBAR: int           = 0
WS_EX_RTLREADING: int               = 8192
WS_EX_STATICEDGE: int               = 131072
WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW: int               = 128
WS_EX_TOPMOST: int                  = 8
WS_EX_TRANSPARENT: int              = 32
WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE: int               = 256
WS_GROUP: int                       = 131072
WS_HSCROLL: int                     = 1048576
WS_ICONIC: int                      = 536870912
WS_MAXIMIZE: int                    = 16777216
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX: int                 = 65536
WS_MINIMIZE: int                    = 536870912
WS_MINIMIZEBOX: int                 = 131072
WS_OVERLAPPED: int                  = 0
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: int            = 13565952
WS_POPUP: int                       = -2147483648
WS_POPUPWINDOW: int                 = -2138570752
WS_SIZEBOX: int                     = 262144
WS_SYSMENU: int                     = 524288
WS_TABSTOP: int                     = 65536
WS_THICKFRAME: int                  = 262144
WS_TILED: int                       = 0
WS_TILEDWINDOW: int                 = 13565952
WS_VISIBLE: int                     = 268435456
WS_VSCROLL: int                     = 2097152

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者phpjunkie