使用Docker Compose时出现RabbitMQ IP连接错误的原因排查

我尝试用Docker Compose部署项目服务，但通过Compose部署时无法连接到RabbitMQ网络；单独运行各容器时连接却能成功。

docker-compose.yml配置 #

version: '3'

services:
  notification:
    image: jyarac/notification_ms
    container_name: notification-microservice
    ports: 
      - "3000:3000"
    networks: 
      - rabbit_mq_nf
  gps:
    image: jyarac/gps
    container_name: gps-microservice
    ports: 
      - "3001:3001"
    networks: 
      - rabbit_mq_nf
  mq_ms:
    image: jyarac/mq_ms
    container_name: rabbit-microservice
    ports: 
      - "3005:3005"
    networks: 
      - rabbit_mq_nf
  rabbit_ms: 
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    ports: 
      - "15672:15672"
      - "5672:5672"
    networks:
      - rabbit_mq_nf

networks:
  rabbit_mq_nf:
    driver: bridge

报错信息 #

Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 172.25.0.5:5672
2023-10-02 19:18:04     at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (node:net:1278:16) {
2023-10-02 19:18:04   errno: -111,
2023-10-02 19:18:04   code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
2023-10-02 19:18:04   syscall: 'connect',
2023-10-02 19:18:04   address: '172.25.0.5',
2023-10-02 19:18:04   port: 5672
2023-10-02 19:18:04 }

解决方案 #

• 用服务名替代IP连接RabbitMQ
  Docker Compose会为每个服务分配固定的DNS别名，直接使用rabbit_ms（compose中RabbitMQ服务的名称）作为连接地址，不要用容器IP——IP在Compose重启后可能变化，而服务名始终有效。

• 添加启动依赖与健康检查
  RabbitMQ启动需要时间，其他服务可能在它未就绪时就发起连接。修改compose配置，给RabbitMQ添加健康检查，让其他服务等待它完全启动后再运行：

  rabbit_ms: 
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    ports: 
      - "15672:15672"
      - "5672:5672"
    networks:
      - rabbit_mq_nf
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmq-diagnostics", "-q", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
  
  notification:
    image: jyarac/notification_ms
    container_name: notification-microservice
    ports: 
      - "3000:3000"
    networks: 
      - rabbit_mq_nf
    depends_on:
      rabbit_ms:
        condition: service_healthy
  
  # gps、mq_ms服务同样添加上述depends_on配置
  

• 检查RabbitMQ启动日志
  执行命令查看RabbitMQ容器日志，确认服务正常启动：

  docker logs rabbitmq
  

  正常启动会出现Server startup complete相关日志。

• 验证应用连接配置
  检查微服务中的RabbitMQ连接参数：确保使用内部端口5672（不是宿主机映射端口），用户名密码与RabbitMQ默认的guest/guest一致，或者已在compose中配置了正确的环境变量。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Johhan