M1 Mac（macOS14）pip安装PyAudio报AttributeError错误求助

问题重现 #

执行pip install PyAudio时出现以下错误：

Collecting PyAudio
  Using cached PyAudio-0.2.13.tar.gz (46 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [33 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 112, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          backend = _build_backend()
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 77, in _build_backend
          obj = import_module(mod_path)
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/importlib/__init__.py", line 90, in import_module
          return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1381, in _gcd_import
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1354, in _find_and_load
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1304, in _find_and_load_unlocked
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 488, in _call_with_frames_removed
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1381, in _gcd_import
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1354, in _find_and_load
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1325, in _find_and_load_unlocked
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 929, in _load_unlocked
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 994, in exec_module
        File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 488, in _call_with_frames_removed
        File "/private/var/folders/vg/yf8x9j0s3fs6n318p6h_zmmm0000gn/T/pip-build-env-67bkfpiz/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 16, in <module>
          import setuptools.version
        File "/private/var/folders/vg/yf8x9j0s3fs6n318p6h_zmmm0000gn/T/pip-build-env-67bkfpiz/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/version.py", line 1, in <module>
          import pkg_resources
        File "/private/var/folders/vg/yf8x9j0s3fs6n318p6h_zmmm0000gn/T/pip-build-env-67bkfpiz/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2191, in <module>
          register_finder(pkgutil.ImpImporter, find_on_path)
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      AttributeError: module 'pkgutil' has no attribute 'ImpImporter'. Did you mean: 'zipimporter'?
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

错误原因 #

Python 3.12移除了pkgutil.ImpImporter API，而PyAudio源码包依赖的旧版构建工具（setuptools/pkg_resources）仍在调用这个已废弃的接口。同时官方PyAudio没有提供M1芯片（arm64架构）的预编译wheel，导致pip需要从源码编译，触发了兼容性问题。

可行解决方案 #

方法1：通过Homebrew安装依赖后编译安装 #

1. 安装PortAudio（PyAudio的底层音频依赖库）：

   brew install portaudio
   

2. 用pip安装PyAudio时指定PortAudio的路径，确保编译能找到依赖：

   pip install pyaudio --global-option='build_ext' --global-option='-I/opt/homebrew/include' --global-option='-L/opt/homebrew/lib'
   

方法2：使用conda安装预编译包 #

如果你使用conda环境，可以直接安装适配M1架构的预编译PyAudio包，无需手动编译：

conda install -c conda-forge pyaudio

方法3：降级Python版本（临时方案） #

如果上述方法无法执行，可以暂时降级到Python 3.11。Python 3.11仍保留pkgutil.ImpImporter接口，且PyAudio有适配的预编译wheel，直接执行：

pip install pyaudio

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Aum Pandya