Windows环境下导入Python BigQuery库失败问题求助

问题详情 #

执行from google.cloud import bigquery时触发以下错误：

Script failed to evaluate():

'NoneType' object has no attribute 'message_types_by_name'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Python Script", line 4, in <module>
    from google.cloud import bigquery
  File "__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
    from google.cloud.bigquery.client import Client
  File "client.py", line 60, in <module>
    import google.api_core.exceptions as core_exceptions
  File "exceptions.py", line 29, in <module>
    from google.rpc import error_details_pb2
  File "error_details_pb2.py", line 39, in <module>
    _ERRORINFO = DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name["ErrorInfo"]
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'message_types_by_name'

环境信息 #

• Python版本：3.8.1（64位）
• 安装命令：

"...\python\python38\python" -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --target="...\some\directory" google-cloud-storage google-cloud-bigquery[pandas]

• 已尝试方案：安装google-cloud-bigquery[pandas]==3.11.4、添加protobuf依赖，均无效
• 可正常执行：from google.oauth2 import service_account

当前依赖列表（pip freeze --path ...\some\directory输出） #

cachetools==5.3.1
certifi==2023.7.22
charset-normalizer==3.3.0
db-dtypes==1.1.1
google-api-core==2.12.0
google-auth==2.23.3
google-cloud-bigquery==3.11.4
google-cloud-core==2.3.3
google-cloud-storage==2.11.0
google-crc32c==1.5.0
google-resumable-media==2.6.0
googleapis-common-protos==1.60.0
grpcio==1.59.0
idna==3.4
numpy==1.24.4
packaging==23.2
pandas==2.0.3
proto-plus==1.22.3
protobuf==4.24.4
pyarrow==13.0.0
pyasn1==0.5.0
pyasn1-modules==0.3.0
python-dateutil==2.8.2
pytz==2023.3.post1
requests==2.31.0
rsa==4.9
six==1.16.0
tzdata==2023.3
urllib3==2.0.6

解决方案 #

1. 降级Protobuf到兼容版本 #

当前使用的protobuf==4.24.4与Python3.8、google-api-core==2.12.0存在兼容性问题，建议降级到3.20.x版本：

"...\python\python38\python" -m pip install --no-cache-dir --target="...\some\directory" protobuf==3.20.3

2. 确保目标目录依赖优先加载 #

在Python脚本开头添加以下代码，强制优先加载指定目录的依赖，避免全局环境干扰：

import sys
sys.path.insert(0, "...\some\directory")

3. 清理后重新安装完整依赖组合 #

若降级后仍有问题，删除目标目录下所有文件，重新安装指定版本的依赖包，确保版本匹配：

"...\python\python38\python" -m pip install --no-cache-dir --target="...\some\directory" google-cloud-storage google-cloud-bigquery[pandas]==3.11.4 protobuf==3.20.3 google-api-core==2.12.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.60.0

4. 验证Protobuf版本 #

执行以下命令确认目标目录的Protobuf版本为3.20.x：

"...\python\python38\python" -c "import sys; sys.path.insert(0, '...\some\directory'); import protobuf; print(protobuf.__version__)"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Christoph H.