无法安装Python包pandas：vswhere.exe输出解析失败求助

问题现象 #

执行pip install pandas时触发元数据生成失败，核心报错为：
..\..\meson.build:2:0: ERROR: Could not parse vswhere.exe output
完整报错信息如下：

PS C:\Users\koffl\OneDrive\Desktop\Firefuzz-main> pip install pandas
Collecting pandas
  Using cached pandas-2.1.1.tar.gz (4.3 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [12 lines of output]
      + meson setup C:\Users\koffl\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-gstzaanz\pandas_874e76d2e9894e969f5b0eca7649e2f3 C:\Users\koffl\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-gstzaanz\pandas_874e76d2e9894e969f5b0eca7649e2f3\.mesonpy-3j8mbjdj\build -Dbuildtype=release -Db_ndebug=if-release -Db_vscrt=md --vsenv --native-file=C:\Users\koffl\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-gstzaanz\pandas_874e76d2e9894e969f5b0eca7649e2f3\.mesonpy-3j8mbjdj\build\meson-python-native-file.ini
      The Meson build system
      Version: 1.2.1
      Source dir: C:\Users\koffl\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-gstzaanz\pandas_874e76d2e9894e969f5b0eca7649e2f3
      Build dir: C:\Users\koffl\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-gstzaanz\pandas_874e76d2e9894e969f5b0eca7649e2f3\.mesonpy-3j8mbjdj\build
      Build type: native build
      Project name: pandas
      Project version: 2.1.1

      ..\..\meson.build:2:0: ERROR: Could not parse vswhere.exe output

      A full log can be found at C:\Users\koffl\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-gstzaanz\pandas_874e76d2e9894e969f5b0eca7649e2f3\.mesonpy-3j8mbjdj\build\meson-logs\meson-log.txt
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

解决方案 #

1. 强制使用预编译二进制包（最快捷） #

跳过源码构建步骤，让pip安装预编译好的轮子：

pip install pandas --only-binary :all:

2. 修复vswhere.exe相关问题 #

• 检查vswhere.exe是否存在：默认路径为C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe，若不存在，说明未安装完整的Visual Studio或VS Build Tools。
• 重新安装VS Build Tools：下载并安装Visual Studio Build Tools，安装时务必勾选“C++构建工具”组件，完成后重启终端再尝试安装。
• 手动指定VS安装路径：若vswhere存在但解析失败，设置环境变量指向你的VS安装目录，示例：

  set VSINSTALLDIR=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
  pip install pandas
  

3. 升级Meson构建系统 #

旧版本Meson对vswhere的输出解析可能存在bug，先升级Meson再安装：

pip install --upgrade meson
pip install pandas

4. 降级到无需Meson构建的pandas版本 #

pandas 2.0.x及更早版本使用setuptools构建，不会触发Meson相关问题，可安装稳定旧版本：

pip install pandas==2.0.3

5. 使用conda安装（若有conda环境） #

conda会自动处理依赖和编译环境，避免pip的源码构建问题：

conda install pandas

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Marlon