Perl脚本调用configure编译MPICH时选项传递失败求助

你的问题核心是没有正确给capturex传递命令行参数：capturex（以及IPC::System::Simple里的其他类似函数）不会像shell那样自动拆分空格分隔的字符串，你把所有configure选项塞进一个字符串里，会被当成configure的单个参数，而非多个独立选项。configure解析时会混乱，最终把这些错误的"参数"传递给gcc，导致编译报错。

解决方法：用数组传递每个独立选项 #

把每个configure选项作为数组的单独元素，再传给capturex，这样每个选项都会被正确识别为独立的命令行参数：

print "Configuring MPICH...\n";
my @conf_options = (
    "--prefix=$prefix",
    "--enable-shared=no",
    "--enable-fast=O3,ndebug",
    "--disable-error-checking",
    "--enable-fortran=all",
    "--enable-cxx",
    "--disable-opencl",
    "--enable-romio",
    "--without-timing",
    "--without-mpit-pvars",
);
$txt = capturex('../configure', @conf_options);
writef('c.txt', $txt);

为什么之前的数组尝试失败？ #

如果你之前只是把整个选项字符串放进数组的一个元素（比如my @conf_options = (qq(--prefix=...))），那本质还是单个参数，和用字符串的问题完全一样。必须确保每个--xxx选项都是数组的独立元素。

修正后的完整脚本 #

#!/usr/local/bin/perl

use v5.38;
use autodie;
use strict;
use warnings;
use IPC::System::Simple qw(capturex);

# Writes text into given file
sub writef($fname, $txt) {
    open  my $fh, ">:encoding(UTF-8)", $fname;
    print $fh $txt;
    close $fh;
}

my $gnubin ='/opt/local/bin';
my $prefix ='/opt/mpich-4.1.2';
my $np     = 8;
my $txt;

print "Setting environment variables...\n";

$ENV{'FC'}  = $gnubin . '/gfortran';
$ENV{'F77'} = $ENV{'FC'};
$ENV{'CC'}  = $gnubin . '/gcc';
$ENV{'CXX'} = $gnubin . '/g++';

$ENV{'FFLAGS'} = '-m64 -fallow-argument-mismatch';
$ENV{'CFLAGS'} = '-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -m64';

mkdir 'build';
chdir 'build';

print "Configuring MPICH...\n";
my @conf_options = (
    "--prefix=$prefix",
    "--enable-shared=no",
    "--enable-fast=O3,ndebug",
    "--disable-error-checking",
    "--enable-fortran=all",
    "--enable-cxx",
    "--disable-opencl",
    "--enable-romio",
    "--without-timing",
    "--without-mpit-pvars",
);
$txt = capturex('../configure', @conf_options);
writef('c.txt', $txt);

print "Compiling MPICH...\n";
$txt = capturex('make', '-j', $np);
writef('m.txt', $txt);

这样configure就能正确解析每个选项，后续编译时也不会把configure的选项错误传递给gcc了。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mabalenk