Direct3D 12/PIX调试异常：像素着色器未被调用

我是Direct3D 12开发新手，搭建测试项目熟悉流程时遇到问题：通过PIX调试确认顶点着色器运行正常，但像素着色器未被调用。已检查裁剪区域、视口和深度缓冲，确认顶点未被裁剪，但问题仍未解决。

相关截图说明：

• PIX中的管线状态
• PIX中的顶点着色器输出

相关代码片段 #

光栅化状态、深度模板状态 #

D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC rasterizer{};

rasterizer.FillMode = D3D12_FILL_MODE_SOLID;
rasterizer.CullMode = D3D12_CULL_MODE_NONE;
rasterizer.FrontCounterClockwise = FALSE;
rasterizer.DepthClipEnable = TRUE; 
rasterizer.MultisampleEnable = FALSE;
rasterizer.ConservativeRaster = D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_MODE_OFF;

pipelineDesc.RasterizerState = rasterizer;

D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC depthStencil{};

depthStencil.DepthEnable = TRUE; 
depthStencil.DepthWriteMask = D3D12_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
depthStencil.DepthFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_LESS;
depthStencil.StencilEnable = FALSE;
depthStencil.FrontFace.StencilFailOp = D3D12_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencil.BackFace.StencilFailOp = D3D12_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencil.FrontFace.StencilPassOp = D3D12_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencil.BackFace.StencilPassOp = D3D12_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencil.FrontFace.StencilFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_ALWAYS;
depthStencil.BackFace.StencilFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_ALWAYS;

交换链创建、RTV创建 #

DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 swapchainDescription{};
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FULLSCREEN_DESC fullscreenDescription{};

swapchainDescription.Width = 0;
swapchainDescription.Height = 0;
swapchainDescription.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;
swapchainDescription.Stereo = FALSE;
swapchainDescription.SampleDesc = { 1, 0 };
swapchainDescription.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapchainDescription.BufferCount = 2;
swapchainDescription.Scaling = DXGI_SCALING_NONE;
swapchainDescription.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_DISCARD;
swapchainDescription.AlphaMode = DXGI_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE;
swapchainDescription.Flags = 0;

fullscreenDescription.RefreshRate = { 1, 60 };
fullscreenDescription.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_PROGRESSIVE;
fullscreenDescription.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_CENTERED;
fullscreenDescription.Windowed = TRUE;

CheckHresult(factory->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(commandQueue, hwnd, &swapchainDescription, &fullscreenDescription, NULL, &t_swapchain));

HRESULT sres = t_swapchain->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&swapchain));

D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC descriptorHeapInfoRtv{};

descriptorHeapInfoRtv.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV;
descriptorHeapInfoRtv.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_NONE;
descriptorHeapInfoRtv.NumDescriptors = 2;
descriptorHeapInfoRtv.NodeMask = 0;

device->CreateDescriptorHeap(&descriptorHeapInfoRtv, IID_PPV_ARGS(&rtv_descriptorHeap.descriptorHeap));
rtv_descriptorHeap.incrementSize = device->GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(descriptorHeapInfoRtv.Type);
rtv_descriptorHeap.startHandle = rtv_descriptorHeap.descriptorHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();

device->CreateRenderTargetView(swapchainBuffers[0], NULL, rtv_descriptorHeap.startHandle);
device->CreateRenderTargetView(swapchainBuffers[1], NULL, rtv_descriptorHeap.AddOffset(1));

着色器代码 #

// Vertex Shader
struct VS_IN
{
    float4 pos : POSITION;
};

struct VS_OUT
{
    float4 pos : SV_Position;
};

VS_OUT main(VS_IN inp) 
{
    VS_OUT outp;
    outp.pos = float4(inp.pos.x, inp.pos.y, inp.pos.z, 1.0f);
    return outp;
}

// Pixel Shader
struct PS_OUT
{
    float4 col_in : COLOR;
};

struct VS_OUT
{
    float4 pos : SV_Position;
};

float4 main(VS_OUT inp) : SV_Target
{
    PS_OUT outp;
    outp.col_in = float4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    return outp.col_in;
}

已尝试操作：使用默认设置和自定义RenderTargetView描述、禁用深度测试、修改管线状态samplemask，问题仍未解决。

排查方向 #

• 检查齐次坐标转换：顶点着色器直接输出w=1.0的原始坐标，未转换到Direct3D要求的齐次裁剪空间（x,y,z需落在[-w,w]范围内）。如果顶点不在此范围，光栅化阶段会被剔除。需将顶点坐标映射到NDC空间（比如正交投影下转换到[-1,1]，透视投影执行对应计算）。
• 验证深度缓冲的创建与绑定：当前代码仅创建了RTV，未看到深度缓冲（DSV）的创建和绑定逻辑。开启DepthEnable=TRUE但未正确绑定深度缓冲会导致光栅化异常，进而不触发像素着色器。需确认：
  • 创建了格式正确的深度纹理（如DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT）
  • 创建DSV描述符堆并正确绑定到命令列表
  • OMSetRenderTargets时同时设置RTV和DSV
• 确认PSO的像素着色器关联：检查管线状态对象（PSO）是否正确加载了像素着色器字节码，可在PIX中查看PSO的像素着色器配置是否正常。
• 重新验证视口与裁剪矩形：确保命令列表中调用了RSSetViewports和RSSetScissorRects，且参数覆盖了渲染区域，没有意外剔除像素。
• 检查顶点输入布局匹配性：确认顶点输入布局的格式、步长与实际传入的顶点数据完全一致，避免因顶点位置解析错误导致输出坐标异常。
• 分析PIX光栅化统计：在PIX中查看光栅化阶段的像素生成数量，若为0说明顶点虽通过裁剪，但光栅化后无像素生成（如图元完全在视口外、图元面积为0）。
• 禁用光栅化相关限制：尝试将RasterizerState.DepthClipEnable设为FALSE，同时关闭深度测试（DepthEnable=FALSE），再次测试是否触发像素着色器，排除深度相关问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Fredrik