PowerShell脚本远程调用Jenkins任务遇401/403错误，求排查解决

我正在编写PowerShell脚本远程触发Jenkins任务并查询构建状态，但测试了30多种脚本变体后，始终遇到401 Unauthorized或403 Forbidden错误。Postman生成的基础POST请求脚本可以正常运行，但添加获取Jenkins构建状态的逻辑后就出现权限问题。我尝试过API Token、任务Token、用户名密码等多种认证方式，且Jenkins已配置允许远程请求，问题仍未解决。

出错的PowerShell脚本 #

$headers = New-Object "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary[[String],[String]]"
$headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic credentials")

$user = 'user'
$pass = 'api-token'

Invoke-RestMethod 'http://jobUrl/job/jobName/buildWithParameters?DOBUILD=true&BUILD_MODE=Release&SELECT_BUILDS=ALL&BUILD_COMPONENTS=ALL' -Method 'POST' -Headers $headers

Start-Sleep -Seconds 45

$credentials = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($user, (ConvertTo-SecureString $pass -AsPlainText -Force))

$status = Invoke-RestMethod "http://jobUrl/job/jobName/lastBuild/api/json" -Method Get -Credential $credentials

$returnStatus = $status.result

Write-Output $returnStatus

脚本错误输出 #

Invoke-RestMethod :
Error 401 Unauthorized
HTTP ERROR 401 Unauthorized
URI:/job/jobName/buildWithParameters
STATUS:401
MESSAGE:Unauthorized
SERVLET:Stapler
Powered by Jetty:// 10.0.16
At C:\temp\OneDrive - Teradyne\Jenkins\test3.ps1:7 char:1
+ Invoke-RestMethod 'http://jobURL/job/jobNam ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-RestMethod], WebException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeRestMethodCommand
Invoke-RestMethod : The remote server returned an error: (403) Forbidden.
At C:\temp\OneDrive - Teradyne\Jenkins\test3.ps1:13 char:11
+ $status = Invoke-RestMethod "jobURL/job/jobNa ...
+           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-RestMethod], WebException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeRestMethodCommand

Postman生成的可用基础脚本 #

$headers = New-Object "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary[[String],[String]]"
$headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic credentials")

$response = Invoke-RestMethod 'http://URL/job/jobName/buildWithParameters?DOBUILD=true&BUILD_MODE=Release&SELECT_BUILDS=ALL&BUILD_COMPONENTS=ALL&UPLOAD_IMAGE=YES' -Method 'POST' -Headers $headers

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vishal Patel