无法安装R语言ordinal包的问题求助及错误详情

使用最新版本的R（通过帮助菜单“检查更新”按钮确认无可用更新）时，其他所有包均可正常安装，但无法安装ordinal包。执行install.packages("ordinal")命令后安装失败，错误输出如下：

> install.packages("ordinal")
also installing the dependency ‘ucminf’

Warning in install.packages :
  unable to access index for repository https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-arm64/contrib/4.1:
  cannot open URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-arm64/contrib/4.1/PACKAGES'
Packages which are only available in source form, and may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran: ‘ucminf’ ‘ordinal’
Do you want to attempt to install these from sources? (Yes/no/cancel) Yes
installing the source packages ‘ucminf’, ‘ordinal’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/ucminf_1.2.0.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 16533 bytes (16 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 16 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/ordinal_2022.11-16.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 805654 bytes (786 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 786 KB

* installing *source* package ‘ucminf’ ...
** package ‘ucminf’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
/opt/R/arm64/bin/gfortran -mtune=native -fno-optimize-sibling-calls  -fPIC  -Wall -g -O2  -c fortran.f -o fortran.o
make: /opt/R/arm64/bin/gfortran: No such file or directory
make: *** [fortran.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘ucminf’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.1-arm64/Resources/library/ucminf’
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘ucminf’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependency ‘ucminf’ is not available for package ‘ordinal’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.1-arm64/Resources/library/ordinal’
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘ordinal’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘/private/var/folders/s7/z0jt94k5047g11wz1nbb3fnr0000gn/T/RtmpyoGcHs/downloaded_packages’

• 安装Fortran编译器：错误核心是系统找不到gfortran，这是编译ucminf（ordinal的依赖包）必需的工具。对于Apple Silicon（ARM64）的Mac，可按以下步骤操作：
  1. 执行xcode-select --install安装Xcode Command Line Tools
  2. 安装适配ARM架构的gfortran版本，确保安装后gfortran路径被系统识别
• 尝试安装预编译二进制包：因无法访问ARM64架构的CRAN二进制包仓库，可尝试指定x86_64架构的二进制包（需Rosetta 2支持），执行命令：

  install.packages("ordinal", type = "binary", repos = "https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/contrib/4.1")
  

• 升级R版本：当前使用的R 4.1对Apple Silicon的兼容性有限，后续版本（如4.2+）对ARM架构的二进制包支持更完善，升级后再尝试安装ordinal
• 手动解决依赖问题：先单独解决ucminf的安装，可下载其源代码包手动编译（指定正确的gfortran路径），或寻找第三方预编译版本，完成后再安装ordinal

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Asanto