构建Amazon Linux 2 AMI时安装Cassandra遇Repo 404错误求助

在构建Amazon Linux 2的AMI时安装Cassandra，出现404错误导致安装失败，错误信息如下：

https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/redhat/311x/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found
==> amazon-ebs.linux: https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/redhat/311x/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found
==> amazon-ebs.linux: Trying other mirror.
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: One of the configured repositories failed (Apache Cassandra),
==> amazon-ebs.linux: and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
==> amazon-ebs.linux: safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: 1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: 2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
==> amazon-ebs.linux: upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
==> amazon-ebs.linux: distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
==> amazon-ebs.linux: packages for the previous distribution release still work).
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: 3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled
==> amazon-ebs.linux: yum --disablerepo=cassandra ...
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: 4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum
==> amazon-ebs.linux: will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it
==> amazon-ebs.linux: again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: yum-config-manager --disable cassandra
==> amazon-ebs.linux: or
==> amazon-ebs.linux: subscription-manager repos --disable=cassandra
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: 5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
==> amazon-ebs.linux: Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
==> amazon-ebs.linux: so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
==> amazon-ebs.linux: slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
==> amazon-ebs.linux: compromise:
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: yum-config-manager --save --setopt=cassandra.skip_if_unavailable=true
==> amazon-ebs.linux:
==> amazon-ebs.linux: failure: repodata/repomd.xml from cassandra: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
==> amazon-ebs.linux: https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/redhat/311x/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found

使用的Repo配置：

[cassandra]
name=Apache Cassandra
baseurl=https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/redhat/311x/
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/KEYS

安装步骤（此前正常执行，近期构建AMI时失败）：

sudo yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y
sudo mv /tmp/files/cassandra-repo /etc/yum.repos.d/cassandra311x.repo
sudo yum clean all
sudo yum update -y 
sudo rpm --import https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/KEYS
sudo yum install cassandra -y

疑问：近期yum安装或Repo数据是否有变更？如何解决该问题？

原因分析 #

Apache Cassandra 3.11.x这类旧版本的官方RPM仓库已被归档迁移，原https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/redhat/311x/路径不再提供服务，从而触发404错误。

解决步骤 #

方法1：替换为归档仓库地址 #

修改Cassandra的repo配置文件/etc/yum.repos.d/cassandra311x.repo，将baseurl替换为归档仓库地址：

[cassandra]
name=Apache Cassandra
baseurl=https://archive.apache.org/dist/cassandra/redhat/311x/
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://archive.apache.org/dist/cassandra/KEYS

之后重新执行安装命令：

sudo yum clean all
sudo yum install cassandra -y

方法2：升级到受支持的Cassandra版本 #

若业务允许，建议升级到仍在维护的Cassandra版本（如4.x系列），其官方仓库地址仍有效。以4.1.x为例，repo配置如下：

[cassandra]
name=Apache Cassandra
baseurl=https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/redhat/41x/
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/KEYS

注意：升级前需确认业务兼容性，并做好数据备份。

方法3：手动下载RPM包安装 #

从Apache归档站点下载对应版本的Cassandra RPM包，上传到实例后执行手动安装：

sudo rpm -ivh cassandra-3.11.x-1.noarch.rpm

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者sudhakar s