Android Studio编译报错：hamcrest-core与JUnit 4.10类重复

编译项目时持续出现重复类错误，错误显示org.hamcrest包下的类同时存在于hamcrest-core-1.1和junit-4.10两个模块中。

错误信息 #

Duplicate class org.hamcrest.BaseDescription found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.Description found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.Factory found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.Matcher found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.StringDescription found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.AllOf found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.AnyOf found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.DescribedAs found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.Is found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.IsAnything found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.IsInstanceOf found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.IsNot found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.IsNull found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.core.IsSame found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.internal.ArrayIterator found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.internal.SelfDescribingValue found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.internal.SelfDescribingValueIterator found in modules hamcrest-core-1.1 (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1) and junit-4.10 (junit:junit:4.10)

Go to the documentation to learn how to Fix dependency resolution errors.

当前依赖配置 #

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.2.1' 
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.5.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.5.0'
    implementation "org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30"
    implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.7'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.16.0'
    implementation 'com.googlecode.json-simple:json-simple:1.1.1'
    runtimeOnly 'com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0-alpha03'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.10'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
}

解决方案 #

方案1：升级JUnit版本（推荐） #

JUnit 4.10及更早版本内置了Hamcrest类，而Android测试库（如Espresso）会单独引入Hamcrest，导致冲突。升级到JUnit 4.11及以上版本即可解决，因为这些版本不再内置Hamcrest，而是通过依赖引入。

修改依赖中的JUnit配置：

testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'

方案2：排除JUnit中的Hamcrest依赖 #

如果不想升级JUnit版本，可在依赖声明中排除JUnit内置的Hamcrest模块：

testImplementation('junit:junit:4.10') {
    exclude group: 'org.hamcrest'
}

额外优化：统一Material库版本 #

当前依赖中同时存在两个版本的Material库（1.2.1和1.11.0-alpha03），建议统一使用一个稳定版本，避免潜在的版本冲突，例如：

implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0'
// 移除runtimeOnly的旧版本

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Giovanna Bregantin