安装Python、Flask与Google Cloud BigQuery时遭遇依赖冲突求助

问题背景 #

使用以下env.yml配置文件：

name: env-app
channels:
  - conda-forge
  - defaults

dependencies:
  - google-cloud-bigquery=3.12.0
  - flask=3.0.*
  - python=3.12.*

执行命令micromamba env create --file environment.yml时，出现依赖冲突错误，核心原因是google-cloud-bigquery 3.12.0依赖的pandas和shapely版本未适配Python 3.12，导致环境无法创建。

错误输出如下：

conda-forge/osx-arm64                                       Using cache
conda-forge/noarch                                          Using cache
pkgs/main/osx-arm64                                           No change
pkgs/main/noarch                                              No change
pkgs/r/noarch                                                 No change
pkgs/r/osx-arm64                                              No change
error    libmamba Could not solve for environment specs
    The following packages are incompatible
    ├─ google-cloud-bigquery 3.12.0**  is installable and it requires
    │  ├─ pandas >=1.1.0  with the potential options
    │  │  ├─ pandas [1.1.3|1.1.4|...|2.0.3] would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.8,<3.9.0a0 , which can be installed;
    │  │  ├─ pandas [1.1.3|1.1.4|...|2.1.1] would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.9,<3.10.0a0 , which can be installed;
    │  │  ├─ pandas [1.3.4|1.3.5|...|2.1.1] would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.10,<3.11.0a0 *_cpython, which can be installed;
    │  │  ├─ pandas [1.3.4|1.3.5|...|2.0.3] would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.8,<3.9.0a0 *_cpython, which can be installed;
    │  │  ├─ pandas [1.3.4|1.3.5|...|2.1.1] would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.9,<3.10.0a0 *_cpython, which can be installed;
    │  │  ├─ pandas [1.5.1|1.5.2|...|2.1.1] would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.11,<3.12.0a0 *_cpython, which can be installed;
    │  │  ├─ pandas 2.1.1 would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.12.0rc3,<3.13.0a0 *_cpython but there are no viable options
    │  │  │     ├─ python 3.12.0 would require
    │  │  │     │  └─ python_abi 3.12.* *_cp312, which can be installed;
    │  │  │     └─ python 3.12.0rc3 would require
    │  │  │        └─ _python_rc, which does not exist (perhaps a missing channel);
    │  │  ├─ pandas [1.3.5|1.4.1|...|2.1.1] would require
    │  │  │  └─ python >=3.10,<3.11.0a0 , which can be installed;
    │  │  └─ pandas [1.5.2|1.5.3|2.0.3|2.1.1] would require
    │  │     └─ python >=3.11,<3.12.0a0 , which can be installed;
    │  └─ shapely >=1.8.4,<2.0dev  with the potential options
    │     ├─ shapely [1.8.4|1.8.5] would require
    │     │  └─ python_abi 3.10.* *_cp310, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
    │     ├─ shapely [1.8.4|1.8.5] would require
    │     │  └─ python_abi 3.8.* *_cp38, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
    │     ├─ shapely [1.8.4|1.8.5] would require
    │     │  └─ python_abi 3.9.* *_cp39, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
    │     ├─ shapely 1.8.5 would require
    │     │  └─ python_abi 3.11.* *_cp311, which conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
    │     ├─ shapely 1.8.4 would require
    │     │  └─ python >=3.10,<3.11.0a0 , which can be installed;
    │     ├─ shapely 1.8.4 would require
    │     │  └─ python >=3.8,<3.9.0a0 , which can be installed;
    │     └─ shapely 1.8.4 would require
    │        └─ python >=3.9,<3.10.0a0 , which can be installed;
    └─ python 3.12.*  is not installable because there are no viable options
       ├─ python 3.12.0 conflicts with any installable versions previously reported;
       ├─ python 3.12.0, which cannot be installed (as previously explained);
       └─ python 3.12.0rc3, which cannot be installed (as previously explained).
critical libmamba Could not solve for environment specs

解决方案 #

方案1：升级google-cloud-bigquery到支持Python 3.12的版本 #

google-cloud-bigquery 3.13.0及后续版本已适配Python 3.12，修改env.yml中的版本号：

name: env-app
channels:
  - conda-forge
  - defaults

dependencies:
  - google-cloud-bigquery>=3.13.0
  - flask=3.0.*
  - python=3.12.*

执行micromamba env create --file environment.yml即可创建兼容环境。

方案2：降级Python到兼容版本 #

如果必须使用google-cloud-bigquery 3.12.0，可将Python版本降级到3.11.*（该版本与依赖的pandas、shapely版本兼容）：

name: env-app
channels:
  - conda-forge
  - defaults

dependencies:
  - google-cloud-bigquery=3.12.0
  - flask=3.0.*
  - python=3.11.*

方案3：允许包管理器自动解决依赖 #

移除google-cloud-bigquery的固定版本号，让micromamba自动选择与Python 3.12兼容的版本：

name: env-app
channels:
  - conda-forge
  - defaults

dependencies:
  - google-cloud-bigquery
  - flask=3.0.*
  - python=3.12.*

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者CommonSenseCode