如何确认Intel Core i7-4790 CPU是否支持通过MSR禁用硬件预取？

背景 #

春季我要协助一门硬件安全课程，正在搭建缓存侧信道实验环境。实验核心环节之一是测定缓存延迟，但硬件预取机制会干扰测量结果，导致数据偏差，因此需要禁用硬件预取。

已尝试的操作 #

1. 查阅Intel官方手册后，找到控制硬件预取的模型特定寄存器（MSR）为0x1A0（十进制416）。安装msr-tools工具后，读取该寄存器值验证工具可用性：

$ sudo rdmsr 416 -0
0000000000850089

该值显示硬件预取处于默认启用状态。

2. 尝试向寄存器写入新值（设置第9位以禁用硬件预取），但操作失败：

$ sudo wrmsr 416 850601
wrmsr: CPU 0 cannot set MSR 0x000001a0 to 0x00000000000cfaa9

按照msr-tools文档提示执行sudo modprobe msr后重试，在所有CPU（0-7）上操作均失败。

疑问 #

我推测这款Intel Core i7-4790处理器可能不支持通过MSR禁用硬件预取，但查阅Intel软件开发手册及芯片组资料后未找到明确结论，想请教：如何判断该CPU是否支持禁用硬件预取？

系统信息 #

lscpu输出 #

$ lscpu
Architecture:            x86_64
  CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
  Address sizes:         39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
  Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                  8
  On-line CPU(s) list:   0-7
Vendor ID:               GenuineIntel
  Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz
    CPU family:          6
    Model:               60
    Thread(s) per core:  2
    Core(s) per socket:  4
    Socket(s):           1
    Stepping:            3
    CPU max MHz:         4000.0000
    CPU min MHz:         800.0000
    BogoMIPS:            7183.36
    Flags:               fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx f
                         xsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_
                         good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx e
                         st tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer
                          aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp
                          tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms inv
                         pcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts md_clear flush_l1d
Virtualization features:
  Virtualization:        VT-x
Caches (sum of all):
  L1d:                   128 KiB (4 instances)
  L1i:                   128 KiB (4 instances)
  L2:                    1 MiB (4 instances)
  L3:                    8 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA:
  NUMA node(s):          1
  NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-7
Vulnerabilities:
  Itlb multihit:         KVM: Mitigation: VMX disabled
  L1tf:                  Mitigation; PTE Inversion; VMX conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
  Mds:                   Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
  Meltdown:              Mitigation; PTI
  Mmio stale data:       Unknown: No mitigations
  Retbleed:              Not affected
  Spec store bypass:     Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
  Spectre v1:            Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
  Spectre v2:            Mitigation; Retpolines, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS
                          Not affected
  Srbds:                 Mitigation; Microcode
  Tsx async abort:       Not affected

uname输出 #

$ uname -a
Linux 5.19.0-45-generic #46~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Jun 7 15:06:04 UTC 20 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nick