更换Starlink ISP后Python Requests.get()请求异常如何解决？

以下是针对Starlink网络环境中Python requests库请求无响应的几种无代理解决方案，按优先级尝试：

1. 强制使用IPv4连接 #

Starlink的IPv6路由可能存在异常，而requests默认优先尝试IPv6连接。可以通过两种方式强制使用IPv4：

方法A：手动解析IPv4并请求 #

import requests
import socket

main_url = "https://api.frankfurter.app/2023-10-22?from=EUR&to=USD"
hostname = "api.frankfurter.app"

# 获取域名的IPv4地址
ipv4 = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
# 构造请求时指定Host头，避免证书验证失败
response = requests.get(
    f"https://{ipv4}/2023-10-22?from=EUR&to=USD",
    headers={"Host": hostname},
    verify=False  # 若担心安全，可手动指定目标域名的证书路径
)
result = response.json()
print(result)

方法B：全局强制requests使用IPv4 #

import requests
import socket
from urllib3.connection import HTTPConnection

# 修改socket配置，强制使用IPv4
HTTPConnection.default_socket_options = (
    HTTPConnection.default_socket_options +
    [(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, 0)]
)

main_url = "https://api.frankfurter.app/2023-10-22?from=EUR&to=USD"
response = requests.get(main_url, timeout=10)
result = response.json()
print(result)

2. 切换到支持HTTP/2的客户端 #

浏览器默认使用HTTP/2协议，而requests库默认仅支持HTTP/1.1。Starlink卫星网络对HTTP/2的多路复用兼容性更好，可改用httpx库：

import httpx

main_url = "https://api.frankfurter.app/2023-10-22?from=EUR&to=USD"
# 启用HTTP/2支持
with httpx.Client(http2=True) as client:
    response = client.get(main_url, timeout=10)
result = response.json()
print(result)

3. 调整TCP连接存活参数 #

卫星网络延迟较高，TCP连接容易被判定为闲置而断开。通过自定义requests适配器开启TCP keepalive：

import requests
import socket
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager

class KeepAliveAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
    def init_poolmanager(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # 设置TCP keepalive参数
        kwargs['socket_options'] = [
            (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
            (socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPIDLE, 60),  # 60秒后开始发送心跳
            (socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPINTVL, 10), # 心跳间隔10秒
            (socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPCNT, 3)     # 失败3次后断开
        ]
        return super().init_poolmanager(*args, **kwargs)

# 创建会话并挂载适配器
session = requests.Session()
session.mount('https://', KeepAliveAdapter())

main_url = "https://api.frankfurter.app/2023-10-22?from=EUR&to=USD"
response = session.get(main_url, timeout=10)
result = response.json()
print(result)

4. 更换DNS解析服务器 #

Starlink内置DNS可能存在解析延迟或错误，手动指定公共DNS（如Google 8.8.8.8）解析域名：

import requests
import dns.resolver

# 指定公共DNS服务器
resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
resolver.nameservers = ['8.8.8.8']
# 解析域名的IPv4地址
answer = resolver.resolve('api.frankfurter.app', 'A')
ipv4 = answer[0].address

# 用解析后的IPv4发起请求
response = requests.get(
    f"https://{ipv4}/2023-10-22?from=EUR&to=USD",
    headers={"Host": "api.frankfurter.app"},
    verify=False
)
result = response.json()
print(result)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Matthieu Morel