Django连接PostgreSQL执行makemigrations时出现UTF-8解码错误

问题场景 #

使用Windows 11 Pro和Visual Studio Code，在pgAdmin 4（PostgreSQL 16）中创建新数据库后，Django项目settings.py配置如下：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER': 'user',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '5433',
    },
}

执行python manage.py makemigrations命令后，终端抛出以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 442, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 436, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 412, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 458, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 106, in wrapper
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\makemigrations.py", line 156, in handle
    loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 313, in check_consistent_history
    applied = recorder.applied_migrations()
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 81, in applied_migrations   
    if self.has_table():
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 57, in has_table
    with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 330, in cursor
    return self._cursor()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 306, in _cursor
    self.ensure_connection()
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 289, in ensure_connection    
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 270, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 275, in get_new_connection
    connection = self.Database.connect(**conn_params)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\twitchtest\Myproject\project\venv\Lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 122, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position 61: invalid continuation byte

已确认计算机名称为英文。

解决方法 #

• 检查数据库配置参数的编码
  确保settings.py中的PASSWORD等参数没有非UTF-8编码的特殊字符，可暂时替换为纯英文数字的密码测试；同时确认settings.py文件本身以UTF-8编码保存。

• 验证PostgreSQL数据库编码
  在pgAdmin中右键目标数据库 → 属性 → 定义，确认编码为UTF8。如果不是，删除现有数据库，重新创建时指定UTF-8编码。

• 更换psycopg2版本
  卸载当前psycopg2，安装二进制兼容版本：

  pip uninstall psycopg2
  pip install psycopg2-binary
  

  若仍有问题，可指定稳定版本安装，例如：

  pip install psycopg2-binary==2.9.9
  

• 切换终端编码为UTF-8
  在Windows终端中执行以下命令切换编码后，再运行Django命令：

  chcp 65001
  python manage.py makemigrations
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者twitchtest