Fastparquet安装报错：构建Wheel依赖获取失败（退出码1）求助

我无编程基础，跟着一本用NFL橄榄球数据讲解数据科学的书学习，开篇需要安装nfl_data_py包，但安装时出错，排查后发现是fastparquet安装失败。我已经确认能从命令行运行Python和pip，也更新了pip、setuptools和wheel，还按要求装了fastparquet的依赖，但还是遇到以下错误：

C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Scripts>pip install fastparquet
Collecting fastparquet
  Using cached fastparquet-2023.8.0.tar.gz (393 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [28 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-v_fmec96\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 355, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-v_fmec96\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-v_fmec96\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 507, in run_setup
          super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend, self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-v_fmec96\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 341, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 47, in <module>
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 389, in call
          with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as p:
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1026, in __init__
          self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
        File "C:\Users\erict\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1538, in _execute_child
          hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args,
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip

问题原因 #

你使用的Python3.12是较新版本，而你安装的fastparquet2023.8.0不支持Python3.12，pip只能尝试从源码编译安装，但编译需要C++构建工具，最终导致出现「找不到文件」的错误。

解决步骤 #

• 方法1：升级fastparquet到兼容版本
  打开命令行运行以下命令，安装支持Python3.12的最新版fastparquet：

  pip install --upgrade fastparquet
  

  最新版已适配Python3.12，可直接安装预编译包，无需编译。

• 方法2：降级Python版本
  如果升级fastparquet后仍有问题，可以将Python降级到3.11版本，该版本与fastparquet2023.8.0完全兼容，安装过程不会出现编译问题。

• 方法3：安装C++构建工具（坚持用Python3.12时）
  下载安装Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools，安装时必须勾选「Desktop development with C++」组件，安装完成后重启命令行，再尝试安装fastparquet。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者EricT