在.NET 8 RC2中运行PowerShell 7时无法加载Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure 1.0

环境配置 #

• 运行环境：.NET 8.0.100-rc.2.23502.2 x64，VS2022 17.8预览版4
• 本地已安装：PowerShell Core 7、Windows PowerShell 5.1
• NuGet依赖：Microsoft.PowerShell.SDK 7.3.8，其依赖链：
  • Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.CimCmdlets 7.3.8
  • System.Management.Automation 7.3.8
  • Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure 2.0

触发操作 #

执行以下代码时出现错误：

var rs = System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace();
// 或
var ps = System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Create();

错误信息 #

Exception thrown: 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' in System.Private.CoreLib.dll
An exception of type 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' occurred in System.Private.CoreLib.dll but was not handled in user code
Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35'. The system cannot find the file specified.

堆栈跟踪 #

at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.GetExportedTypes()
   at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.PSSnapInHelpers.GetAssemblyTypes(Assembly assembly, String name)
   at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.PSSnapInHelpers.AnalyzeModuleAssemblyWithReflection(Assembly assembly, String name, PSSnapInInfo psSnapInInfo, PSModuleInfo moduleInfo, String helpFile, Dictionary`2& cmdlets, Dictionary`2& aliases, Dictionary`2& providers)
   at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.PSSnapInHelpers.AnalyzePSSnapInAssembly(Assembly assembly, String name, PSSnapInInfo psSnapInInfo, PSModuleInfo moduleInfo, Dictionary`2& cmdlets, Dictionary`2& aliases, Dictionary`2& providers, String& helpFile)
   at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState.ImportPSSnapIn(PSSnapInInfo psSnapInInfo, PSSnapInException& warning)
   at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState.CreateDefault()
   at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(PSHost host)
   at System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace()

编译警告 #

1>C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\8.0.100-rc.2.23502.2\Sdks\Microsoft.NET.Sdk\targets\Microsoft.NET.Sdk.targets(284,5): warning NETSDK1206: Found version-specific or distribution-specific runtime identifier(s): win10-x64, win10-x86, win7-x64, win7-x86, win81-x64, win81-x86, win8-x64, win8-x86. Affected libraries: Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Runtime.Win. In .NET 8.0 and higher, assets for version-specific and distribution-specific runtime identifiers will not be found by default.

疑问 #

• 为何NuGet依赖2.0版本的DLL，运行时却尝试加载1.0版本？
• 是否无法在.NET 8中使用PowerShell SDK 7.x NuGet包？
• 降级到.NET 7是否可行？
• 若所有方法失效，是否只能通过Process类调用powershell.exe？

1. 添加程序集绑定重定向 #

PowerShell SDK的部分组件可能仍保留对Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure 1.0版本的引用，需通过绑定重定向将旧版本请求指向已安装的2.0版本。

方法一：修改项目文件 #

在.csproj中添加以下配置：

<PropertyGroup>
  <AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>
  <GenerateBindingRedirectsOutputType>true</GenerateBindingRedirectsOutputType>
</PropertyGroup>

方法二：手动配置app.config #

若自动生成无效，可在项目的app.config（或web.config）中添加手动重定向规则：

<configuration>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure" 
                          publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" 
                          culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" 
                         newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
</configuration>

2. 处理NETSDK1206警告 #

.NET 8默认不再支持版本特定的Runtime Identifier（如win10-x64），需调整RID配置：

方法一：使用通用RID #

在项目文件中指定通用的运行时标识：

<PropertyGroup>
  <RuntimeIdentifier>win-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
</PropertyGroup>

方法二：启用版本特定RID兼容 #

若必须保留旧RID，可启用兼容开关：

<PropertyGroup>
  <EnableVersionSpecificRidAssets>true</EnableVersionSpecificRidAssets>
</PropertyGroup>

3. 降级到.NET 7 #

完全可行。PowerShell SDK 7.3.x原生适配.NET 7，降级后可直接避免版本兼容性问题，这是最快捷的临时解决方案，直到官方推出适配.NET 8的PowerShell SDK正式版本。

4. 替代方案：通过Process调用PowerShell #

若上述方法均无效，可直接通过System.Diagnostics.Process调用独立的PowerShell进程，这种方式不依赖SDK，兼容性最强，但需自行处理输入输出的序列化与错误捕获。示例代码：

using System.Diagnostics;

var processStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
{
    FileName = "pwsh.exe", // PowerShell Core，若用Windows PowerShell则改为powershell.exe
    Arguments = "-Command \"Get-ChildItem C:\\\"",
    RedirectStandardOutput = true,
    RedirectStandardError = true,
    UseShellExecute = false,
    CreateNoWindow = true,
    StandardOutputEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8,
    StandardErrorEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8
};

using var process = Process.Start(processStartInfo);
string output = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
string error = process.StandardError.ReadToEnd();
process.WaitForExit();

Console.WriteLine("输出结果：");
Console.WriteLine(output);

if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(error))
{
    Console.WriteLine("\n错误信息：");
    Console.WriteLine(error);
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者andy250