如何在GitHub中配置并读取多个依赖工作流的输出值？

针对你的工作流依赖场景，这里提供两种可靠的实现方式，分别适用于临时传递和持久化存储的需求：

方法一：使用GitHub Artifacts临时传递（推荐） #

这种方式不会修改仓库内容，适合工作流间临时传递数据的场景。

修改workflow1.yml（生成并上传编号） #

在生成编号后，将其写入文件并上传为GitHub Artifact，供后续工作流下载读取：

name: First workflow  

on:
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  some_job:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Generate some number
        run: |
          # 将生成的编号写入文件
          echo "${{ github.run_number }}" > generated_number.txt

      - name: Upload generated number as artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: generated-number
          path: generated_number.txt

修改workflow2.yml（读取First workflow的编号） #

通过actions/download-artifact下载前一个工作流的Artifact，读取其中的编号：

name: Second workflow

on:
  workflow_run:
    workflows: ["First workflow"]
    types:
      - completed

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Download generated number artifact
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: generated-number
          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}

      - name: Read and use generated number
        id: get_num
        run: |
          generated_num=$(cat generated_number.txt)
          # 将编号输出为步骤变量，供后续步骤使用
          echo "generated_num=$generated_num" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "成功读取编号: $generated_num"

      # 示例：在后续步骤中使用编号
      - name: Use the number
        run: echo "当前使用的编号是 ${{ steps.get_num.outputs.generated_num }}"

      # 可选：重新上传Artifact，供Third workflow读取
      - name: Re-upload artifact for Third workflow
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: generated-number
          path: generated_number.txt

修改workflow3.yml（读取传递过来的编号） #

和workflow2的逻辑一致，下载Second workflow上传的Artifact即可：

name: Third workflow

on:
  workflow_run:
    workflows: ["Second workflow"]
    types:
      - completed

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Download generated number artifact
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: generated-number
          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}

      - name: Read and use generated number
        run: |
          generated_num=$(cat generated_number.txt)
          echo "成功读取编号: $generated_num"

方法二：写入GitHub仓库文件（持久化存储） #

如果需要将编号持久化保存到仓库中，可以直接写入文件并提交推送，后续工作流通过拉取代码读取：

修改workflow1.yml（生成并保存到仓库） #

name: First workflow  

on:
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  some_job:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Generate and save number to repo
        run: |
          # 创建存储目录（如果不存在）
          mkdir -p .github/workflow-data
          # 将编号写入文件
          echo "${{ github.run_number }}" > .github/workflow-data/generated_number.txt
          # 配置Git用户信息
          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
          # 提交并推送更改
          git add .github/workflow-data/generated_number.txt
          git commit -m "Save generated workflow number: ${{ github.run_number }}"
          git push

修改workflow2.yml和workflow3.yml（读取仓库中的编号） #

只需拉取最新代码后读取文件内容即可：

name: Second workflow # Third workflow同理修改name和触发条件

on:
  workflow_run:
    workflows: ["First workflow"] # Third workflow改为["Second workflow"]
    types:
      - completed

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout latest code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Read generated number
        run: |
          generated_num=$(cat .github/workflow-data/generated_number.txt)
          echo "成功读取编号: $generated_num"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者shaik moeed