Python脚本导入Django模块失败：找不到tastify_backend模块

问题描述 #

运行以下Python脚本时遇到模块导入错误：

import json
import os
import django
import openai
import sys

# Ensure the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is set to your project's settings module.
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "tastify_backend.settings")
django.setup()

from recipe.models import Ingredient, IngredientCategory, MeasuringUnit, Recipe

print(Ingredient.objects.all().select_related('ingredient_category').filter(ingredient_category=1))

错误回溯信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/patrickvogele/Desktop/tastify_backend/recipe/scripts/generate_ingredients.py", line 9, in <module>
    django.setup()
  File "/Users/patrickvogele/Desktop/tastify_backend/tastify_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 19, in setup
    configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
  File "/Users/patrickvogele/Desktop/tastify_backend/tastify_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 102, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/Users/patrickvogele/Desktop/tastify_backend/tastify_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 89, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/Users/patrickvogele/Desktop/tastify_backend/tastify_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 217, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 984, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tastify_backend'

问题原因 #

• Python解释器的模块搜索路径（sys.path）中未包含Django项目的根目录/Users/patrickvogele/Desktop/tastify_backend/，导致无法识别tastify_backend这个项目包。
• 脚本位于/Users/patrickvogele/Desktop/tastify_backend/recipe/scripts/目录下，运行时默认的搜索路径不包含上层的项目根目录，Django尝试导入tastify_backend.settings时找不到对应模块，从而抛出ModuleNotFoundError。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者pav0x