Java向Redis Stream发送实体自动转Base64问题及解决咨询

问题描述 #

使用Java 11向Redis 7.0.8的Stream发送NicknameEdit对象，代码实现如下：

package com.dolphin.soa.post.common.mq;

import com.dolphin.soa.post.model.custom.NicknameEdit;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.stream.ObjectRecord;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.stream.RecordId;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.stream.StreamRecords;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class StreamMessageProducer {

    private final RedisTemplate<String, NicknameEdit> redisTemplate;

    public void sendRecord(String streamKey, String nickname) {
        NicknameEdit nicknameEdit = new NicknameEdit();
        nicknameEdit.setNickname(nickname);
        ObjectRecord<String, NicknameEdit> record = StreamRecords.newRecord()
                .in(streamKey)
                .ofObject(nicknameEdit)
                .withId(RecordId.autoGenerate());
        RecordId recordId = redisTemplate.opsForStream()
                .add(record);
    }
}

实体类定义：

package com.dolphin.soa.post.model.custom;

import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
public class NicknameEdit implements Serializable {
    private Long userId;
    private String nickname;
}

但Redis中存储的数据是Base64编码格式：

{
    "\"X2NsYXNz\"": "\"Y29tLmRvbHBoaW4uc29hLnBvc3QubW9kZWwuY3VzdG9tLlN5c0V2ZW50\"",
    "\"ZGF0YS5fY2xhc3M=\"": "\"Y29tLmRvbHBoaW4uc29hLnBvc3QubW9kZWwuY3VzdG9tLk5pY2tuYW1lRWRpdA==\"",
}

原因分析 #

出现Base64编码的核心原因是Spring Data Redis默认使用JdkSerializationRedisSerializer序列化对象：

• 该序列化器基于JDK自带机制，会将Java对象转为字节数组
• Redis Stream存储字节数组时，会自动将其编码为Base64字符串
• 同时会额外添加类元数据字段（如_class），这些字段也会被Base64编码，导致存储内容完全不可读

修复方案 #

核心解决思路是替换序列化器为JSON序列化，以下两种方案均可实现：

方案一：全局配置RedisTemplate使用JSON序列化器 #

创建Redis配置类，覆盖默认序列化逻辑，使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer处理对象序列化：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);

        // 配置JSON序列化器
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jsonSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
        // 可按需配置ObjectMapper，比如忽略空值、指定日期格式等
        // ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        // objectMapper.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
        // jsonSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);

        // Key和HashKey使用字符串序列化
        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        // Value和HashValue使用JSON序列化
        template.setValueSerializer(jsonSerializer);
        template.setHashValueSerializer(jsonSerializer);

        template.afterPropertiesSet();
        return template;
    }
}

修改Producer中的RedisTemplate类型为RedisTemplate<String, Object>或RedisTemplate<String, NicknameEdit>，重新注入即可生效。

方案二：手动将对象序列化为JSON字符串发送 #

如果不需要全局修改RedisTemplate，可在Producer中手动将对象转为JSON字符串，使用RedisTemplate<String, String>发送：

package com.dolphin.soa.post.common.mq;

import com.dolphin.soa.post.model.custom.NicknameEdit;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.stream.MapRecord;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.stream.RecordId;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.stream.StreamRecords;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class StreamMessageProducer {

    private final RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
    private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    public void sendRecord(String streamKey, String nickname) {
        NicknameEdit nicknameEdit = new NicknameEdit();
        nicknameEdit.setNickname(nickname);
        
        try {
            // 将对象转为JSON字符串
            String jsonStr = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(nicknameEdit);
            // 构造MapRecord发送
            Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
            data.put("nicknameEdit", jsonStr);
            MapRecord<String, String, String> record = StreamRecords.newRecord()
                    .in(streamKey)
                    .ofMap(data)
                    .withId(RecordId.autoGenerate());
            RecordId recordId = redisTemplate.opsForStream().add(record);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("序列化对象失败", e);
        }
    }
}

这种方式下，Redis中会直接存储明文JSON字符串，无Base64编码。

是否可以关闭Base64编码直接发送明文JSON？ #

完全可以。通过上述两种方案将序列化方式从JDK序列化替换为JSON序列化后，Redis Stream中存储的就是可读的明文JSON内容，不会再出现Base64编码的情况。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dolphin