命令行运行Django项目报ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wtools2'

在PyCharm中可正常运行的Django项目，通过命令行执行python manage.py runserver时触发如下错误：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wtools2'。

报错堆栈信息 #

(venv) F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\wtools2>python manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 354, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 61, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 398, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 68, in handle
    if not settings.DEBUG and not settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS:
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 69, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 170, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
File "C:\Users\Muhammad Usman\.pyenv\pyenv-win\versions\3.10.0\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 992, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1004, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wtools2'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\wtools2\manage.py", line 47, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 413, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 367, in run_from_argv
    connections.close_all()
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 208, in close_all
    for alias in self:
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\connection.py", line 73, in __iter__
    return iter(self.settings)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\connection.py", line 45, in settings
    self._settings = self.configure_settings(self._settings)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 144, in configure_settings
    databases = super().configure_settings(databases)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\connection.py", line 50, in configure_settings
    settings = getattr(django_settings, self.settings_name)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 69, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
File "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 170, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
File "C:\Users\Muhammad Usman\.pyenv\pyenv-win\versions\3.10.0\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 992, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1004, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wtools2'

项目目录结构 #

根目录（F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui） #

Directory: F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui

Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         11/1/2023   8:14 PM                .idea
d-----         11/1/2023   4:28 PM                mods
d-----         11/1/2023   5:08 PM                venv
d-----         11/1/2023   8:09 PM                wtools2
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           1107 .gitignore
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           5698 az_requirements.txt
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM            455 django.wsgi
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           1668 manage.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           3905 newsql queries.txt
-a----         11/1/2023   4:28 PM             18 README.md
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           6781 req.txt
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           7029 requirements.txt

wtools2子目录（F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\wtools2） #

Directory: F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\wtools2

Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         11/1/2023   6:25 PM                apps
d-----         11/1/2023   6:29 PM                celerydir
d-----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM                convex
d-----         11/1/2023   6:25 PM                libs
d-----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM                nvd3
d-----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM                static
d-----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM                templates
d-----         11/1/2023   8:09 PM                __pycache__
-a----         11/1/2023   6:17 PM          18216 constants.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:28 PM             96 context_processors.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM            871 crontab_config.py
-a----         11/1/2023   6:17 PM           6318 dinconfig.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           9570 function.py
-a----         11/1/2023   7:53 PM           1714 manage.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:28 PM           1778 messages.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM          17022 middleware.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           1322 requirements.txt
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           1789 routers.py
-a----         11/1/2023   8:09 PM          21630 settings.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:28 PM            304 setup.py
-a----         11/1/2023   6:17 PM           1196 strings.json
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM           5674 urls.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM          24773 views.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM            349 _celery.py
-a----         11/1/2023   4:56 PM            225 __init__.py 

PyCharm Django设置 #

解决方案 #

问题核心是命令行环境下Python无法找到wtools2模块，PyCharm能正常运行是因为它自动将项目根目录加入了Python路径。可通过以下方式解决：

1. 切换到项目根目录执行命令 #

当前在F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\wtools2目录执行命令，需切换到根目录F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui，运行根目录下的manage.py：

cd F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui
python manage.py runserver

2. 手动添加项目根目录到Python路径 #

若必须在wtools2目录执行，先设置环境变量：

• Windows命令行：

  set PYTHONPATH=F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui
  python manage.py runserver
  

• PowerShell：

  $env:PYTHONPATH = "F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui"
  python manage.py runserver
  

3. 检查manage.py的设置模块路径 #

打开wtools2目录下的manage.py，确认DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE是否为wtools2.settings。优先使用项目根目录下的manage.py，其配置更符合标准Django项目结构。

4. 确保激活虚拟环境 #

运行命令前激活项目虚拟环境venv：

F:\ATSG\FrontEnd\wtoolgui\venv\Scripts\activate

激活后再执行python manage.py runserver。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Usman Rafiq