使用Artix Linux发行版ArrayFire二进制包编译示例遇链接错误

使用Artix Linux（无Systemd的Arch衍生版）提供的ArrayFire二进制包编译示例时出现链接错误，具体环境与操作如下：

库安装路径 #

> ls /usr/lib/libaf*
/usr/lib/libaf.debug  /usr/lib/libaf.so.3.9.0  /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3      /usr/lib/libafcuda.so        /usr/lib/libafopencl.debug  /usr/lib/libafopencl.so.3.9.0
/usr/lib/libaf.so     /usr/lib/libafcpu.debug  /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0  /usr/lib/libafcuda.so.3      /usr/lib/libafopencl.so
/usr/lib/libaf.so.3   /usr/lib/libafcpu.so     /usr/lib/libafcuda.debug    /usr/lib/libafcuda.so.3.9.0  /usr/lib/libafopencl.so.3

构建步骤 #

采用源外构建结构：

~/examples
~/examples_build

执行CMake配置：

examples_build> cmake -DArrayFire_DIR=/usr/lib/ ../examples/
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 13.2.1
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done (0.9s)
-- Generating done (0.4s)
-- Build files have been written to: /home/pietrom/Documents/arrayfire_examples/examples_build

链接错误信息 #

执行make时出现大量未定义引用错误：

examples_build> make
[  0%] Building CXX object benchmarks/CMakeFiles/blas_cpu.dir/blas.cpp.o
[  0%] Linking CXX executable blas_cpu
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::basic_data<void>::signs'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::basic_data<void>::hex_digits'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::format_error::~format_error()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `vtable for fmt::v8::format_error'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `int fmt::v8::detail::snprintf_float<long double>(long double, int, fmt::v8::detail::float_specs, fmt::v8::detail::buffer<char>&)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::assert_fail(char const*, int, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::dragonbox::decimal_fp<double> fmt::v8::detail::dragonbox::to_decimal<double>(double)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `int fmt::v8::detail::format_float<double>(double, int, fmt::v8::detail::float_specs, fmt::v8::detail::buffer<char>&)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::error_handler::on_error(char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `int fmt::v8::detail::format_float<long double>(long double, int, fmt::v8::detail::float_specs, fmt::v8::detail::buffer<char>&)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `int fmt::v8::detail::snprintf_float<double>(double, int, fmt::v8::detail::float_specs, fmt::v8::detail::buffer<char>&)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::basic_data<void>::left_padding_shifts'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `typeinfo for fmt::v8::format_error'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::vformat[abi:cxx11](fmt::v8::basic_string_view<char>, fmt::v8::basic_format_args<fmt::v8::basic_format_context<fmt::v8::appender, char> >)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::basic_data<void>::right_padding_shifts'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `spdlog::details::log_msg::log_msg(spdlog::source_loc, fmt::v8::basic_string_view<char>, spdlog::level::level_enum, fmt::v8::basic_string_view<char>)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `char fmt::v8::detail::decimal_point_impl<char>(fmt::v8::detail::locale_ref)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::thousands_sep_result<char> fmt::v8::detail::thousands_sep_impl<char>(fmt::v8::detail::locale_ref)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::dragonbox::decimal_fp<float> fmt::v8::detail::dragonbox::to_decimal<float>(float)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::basic_data<void>::prefixes'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libafcpu.so.3.9.0: undefined reference to `fmt::v8::detail::basic_data<void>::digits'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [benchmarks/CMakeFiles/blas_cpu.dir/build.make:98: benchmarks/blas_cpu] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:576: benchmarks/CMakeFiles/blas_cpu.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:91: all] Error 2

这些错误大概率与发行版包的构建缺陷有关，也可能是配置或版本兼容问题，具体如下：

• 发行版打包缺陷：Artix提供的ArrayFire包编译时依赖fmt（v8版本）和spdlog库，但打包时未正确声明这些依赖，或者CMake配置文件缺失了链接这些库的规则，导致编译示例时无法自动链接到依赖库。

• CMake配置路径错误：ArrayFire的CMake配置文件通常不在/usr/lib/，而是在/usr/lib/cmake/ArrayFire/目录下。你指定的-DArrayFire_DIR=/usr/lib/可能没有加载到完整的依赖配置，导致CMake不知道需要链接fmt和spdlog。

• 库版本不兼容：系统中安装的fmt库版本不是v8，或者spdlog版本与ArrayFire编译时使用的版本不匹配，导致符号不兼容。比如Artix仓库的fmt库已更新到更高版本，而ArrayFire是基于旧版v8编译的，链接时就会找不到对应符号。

• 修正CMake配置路径：尝试指定正确的ArrayFire CMake配置目录，执行：

  cmake -DArrayFire_DIR=/usr/lib/cmake/ArrayFire/ ../examples/
  

  然后重新执行make。

• 手动补充依赖链接：临时修改示例的CMakeLists.txt，在目标链接库中添加fmt和spdlog，比如针对blas_cpu目标添加：

  target_link_libraries(blas_cpu fmt spdlog)
  

  验证是否能正常链接。

• 检查库版本匹配：执行pacman -Q fmt查看当前fmt版本，如果不是v8，可尝试安装Artix仓库中的fmt8包（若存在），或考虑从源码编译ArrayFire，使用系统当前的fmt和spdlog版本。

• 检查包依赖：执行pacman -Qi arrayfire查看ArrayFire包的声明依赖，若未包含fmt和spdlog，说明打包时遗漏了依赖，可向Artix包维护者反馈。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pietro