Spring整合Hibernate调用createCriteria提示无活跃事务的问题求助

异常信息：Calling method 'createCriteria' is not valid without an active transaction (Current status: NOT_ACTIVE)

1. hibernate.cfg.xml配置 #

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- JDBC Database connection settings -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">org.postgresql.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:postgresql://abc.def:1111/db_name?useSSL=false</property>
        <property name="connection.username">username</property>
        <property name="connection.password">password</property>
        <!-- JDBC connection pool settings ... using built-in test pool -->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">200</property>
        <!-- Echo the SQL to stdout -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- Set the current session context -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        

        <!-- dbcp connection pool configuration -->
        <property name="hibernate.dbcp.initialSize">50</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dbcp.maxTotal">100</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dbcp.maxIdle">80</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dbcp.minIdle">50</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dbcp.maxWaitMillis">-1</property>
        <mapping class="com.mypackage.com.model.ABC" />
        .... //mapping classes

    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

2. HibernateUtils.java代码 #

public class HibernateUtils {
    private static StandardServiceRegistry registry;
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        if (sessionFactory == null) {
            try {
                // Create registry
                registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure().build();

                // Create MetadataSources
                MetadataSources sources = new MetadataSources(registry);

                // Create Metadata
                Metadata metadata = sources.getMetadataBuilder().build();

                // Create SessionFactory
                sessionFactory = metadata.getSessionFactoryBuilder().build();

            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                if (registry != null) {
                    StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.destroy(registry);
                }
            }
        }
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    public static void shutdown() {
        if (registry != null) {
            StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.destroy(registry);
        }
    }
}

3. Spring配置（注：原标注为application.properties，实际是XML配置） #

<bean id="mySessionFactory"
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource" />
    <property name="mappingResources">
        <list>
            <value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
        </list>
    </property>
    <property name="hibernateProperties">
        <value>
            hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
        </value>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="mySessionFactory" />
</bean> 

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"  />

4. 数据库调用代码 #

Session session = HibernateUtils.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(ABC.class); //Error line
ABC obj = (ABC) criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("userId", userId)).uniqueResult();
if(obj == null) return null;
return obj;

5. POM依赖 #

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>            
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
    <version>6.0.8.Final</version>
</dependency>

核心问题分析 #

当前代码存在两个致命冲突：

1. 同时维护了自定义HibernateUtils生成的SessionFactory和Spring管理的LocalSessionFactoryBean，两者完全独立，Spring事务管理器无法管控前者生成的Session。
2. Hibernate配置中的current_session_context_class=thread会覆盖Spring的会话上下文管理逻辑，导致Spring无法将事务绑定到当前Session。

具体修复步骤 #

1. 废弃HibernateUtils类，统一使用Spring注入的SessionFactory
   在DAO或Service类中通过Spring注入SessionFactory：

   @Autowired
   private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
   

   获取Session时直接用注入的实例：

   Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
   

2. 修改hibernate.cfg.xml配置
   删除<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>这一行，让Spring完全接管会话上下文。

3. 修正Spring配置中的数据库方言
   你使用的是PostgreSQL，但配置里写的是HSQLDialect，替换为对应方言：

   <property name="hibernateProperties">
       <value>
           hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
       </value>
   </property>
   

4. 为数据库操作方法添加事务注解
   在执行数据库查询的Service方法上标记@Transactional，触发Spring开启事务：

   @Transactional
   public ABC getABCByUserId(String userId) {
       Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
       Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(ABC.class);
       return (ABC) criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("userId", userId)).uniqueResult();
   }
   

5. 对齐Spring与Hibernate版本兼容性
   当前用了Spring的hibernate3包，但Hibernate entitymanager版本可能不匹配。如果使用Spring 5.x及以上，建议改用Hibernate 5.x对应的Spring集成类：

   • org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean
   • org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Bubu Bhat