使用WebDriverManager 5.6.0启动Chrome失败，TestNG测试报SessionNotCreatedException

运行TestNG测试时遇到以下错误：

org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure.
Host info: host: 'xxxxx', ip: 'xxxxxxxxxxx'
Build info: version: '4.15.0', revision: '1d14b5521b'
System info: os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '13.5', java.version: '21.0.1'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Command: [null, newSession {capabilities=[Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [], binary: /Application"

使用的版本详情 #

• Chrome浏览器版本：119
• Webdrivermanager：5.6.0
• TestNg版本：7.8.0
• Selenium-Java：4.15.0
• JDK：尝试过21、18和11版本，均出现相同问题

测试代码 #

import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.testng.annotations.*;

public class okta1 {

    private WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeClass
    static void setupClass() {
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().clearDriverCache().setup();
    }

    @BeforeTest
    void setupTest() {
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.setCapability("browserVersion", "119.0.6045.105");
        driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
    }

    @AfterTest
    void teardown() {
        driver.quit();
    }

    @Test
    void test() {
        // Exercise
        driver.get("https://bonigarcia.dev/selenium-webdriver-java/");
        String title = driver.getTitle();

        // Verify
        // assertThat(title).contains("Selenium WebDriver");
    }
}

pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>Teams-Automation-Framework</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
            <version>4.15.0</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.testng/testng -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>7.8.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
            <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
            <version>5.6.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

已尝试更换不同版本的JDK和WebDriverManager，问题依旧。

1. 修复Chrome版本配置错误 #

browserVersion参数无需指定完整版本号（如119.0.6045.105），只需主版本号119即可，或者直接移除该配置，WebDriverManager会自动匹配对应驱动版本。修改后的setupTest方法：

@BeforeTest
void setupTest() {
    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    // 可选：仅指定主版本
    // options.setBrowserVersion("119");
    driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
}

2. 补全Chrome浏览器路径 #

错误日志显示binary: /Application，路径不完整。Mac系统下Chrome默认路径为/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome，可显式指定：

@BeforeTest
void setupTest() {
    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.setBinary("/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome");
    driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
}

3. 升级WebDriverManager版本 #

WebDriverManager 5.6.0与Selenium 4.15.0可能存在兼容性问题，建议升级到最新稳定版（如5.7.0+），修改pom.xml依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
    <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
    <version>5.7.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

4. 清理浏览器进程与缓存 #

• 关闭所有Chrome窗口，在活动监视器中结束Google Chrome相关后台进程
• 清理Chrome缓存和Cookie后重新运行测试

5. 验证驱动与浏览器版本匹配 #

手动确认WebDriverManager下载的驱动版本：

• 调用WebDriverManager.chromedriver().getDownloadedDriverPath()查看驱动路径，检查版本是否为119.x.x.x
• 若版本不匹配，删除WebDriverManager缓存目录（默认在~/.cache/selenium），重新运行测试

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nabeel khan