如何用Python Pyroute2将USB WiFi网卡移入Linux网络命名空间？

我在Linux系统中使用Python的Pyroute2工具实现以太网接口向网络命名空间的迁移已经成功，但迁移USB WiFi网卡时遇到了问题。了解到WiFi接口需要通过PHY设备进行迁移，但官方文档中没有相关示例。以下是我的两次尝试代码及对应的报错信息，请问如何正确完成USB WiFi网卡的网络命名空间迁移？

初始尝试代码 #

# Inspect networking interfaces
import netifaces

# Setup netowrking namespaces
from pyroute2 import NetNS, NSPopen, netns, IPDB
from pyroute2 import IW
from pyroute2 import IPRoute
from pyroute2.netlink import NetlinkError

# Get a list of all the network interfaces
interfaces = netifaces.interfaces()

# Manage interfaces
ipdb = IPDB()

# Loop over all the interfaces and print their details
for iface in interfaces:
    iface_details = netifaces.ifaddresses(iface)
    if iface.find("wlxc") >= 0:

        print(f"Found USB Wi-Fi interface: {iface} with details: {iface_details}")

        # Truncate the long name
        truncated_name = iface[-8:-1]

        # Create a networking namespace
        ipdb_netns = IPDB(nl=NetNS(truncated_name))

        # Command to run
        program_command = ["ifconfig"]

        # Get the interface
        print(f"Truncated name is: {truncated_name}")
        link_iface = ipdb.interfaces[iface]
        print(f"Link interface: {link_iface} ...")

        # Look for the wireless index
        ip = IPRoute()
        iw = IW()
        index = ip.link_lookup(ifname=iface)[0]
        try:
            wifi_if = iw.get_interface_by_ifindex(index)
            print(f"Wireless interface: {wifi_if}")

            with ipdb.interfaces[iface] as if_to_move:
                print(f"Moving interface: {if_to_move} to: {truncated_name}")
                if_to_move.net_ns_fd = truncated_name
            print(f"Done moving to: {truncated_name} ...")
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code == 19:  # 19 'No such device'
                print("not a wireless interface")
        finally:
            iw.close()
            ip.close()

初始报错 #

Found USB Wi-Fi interface: wlxc87f548d9633 with details: {17: [{'addr': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff'}]}
Truncated name is: 548d963
Link interface: {'address': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'ifname': 'wlxc87f548d9633', 'mtu': 1500, 'qdisc': 'noqueue', 'txqlen': 1000, 'operstate': 'DOWN', 'linkmode': 1, 'group': 0, 'promiscuity': 0, 'num_tx_queues': 1, 'num_rx_queues': 1, 'carrier': 0, 'carrier_changes': 1, 'proto_down': 0, 'gso_max_segs': 65535, 'gso_max_size': 65536, 'xdp': {'attrs': [('IFLA_XDP_ATTACHED', None)]}, 'carrier_up_count': 0, 'carrier_down_count': 1, 'min_mtu': 256, 'max_mtu': 2304, 'perm_address': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'parent_dev_name': '3-3:1.0', 'parent_dev_bus_name': 'usb', 'index': 10, 'flags': 4099, 'ipdb_scope': 'system', 'ipdb_priority': 0, 'vlans': (), 'ipaddr': (), 'ports': (), 'family': 0, 'ifi_type': 1, 'state': 'up', 'neighbours': ()} ...
Wireless interface: ({'cmd': 7, 'version': 1, 'reserved': 0, 'attrs': [('NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX', 10), ('NL80211_ATTR_IFNAME', 'wlxc87f548d9633'), ('NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY', 1), ('NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE', 2), ('NL80211_ATTR_WDEV', 4294967297), ('NL80211_ATTR_MAC', 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33'), ('NL80211_ATTR_GENERATION', 17), ('NL80211_ATTR_4ADDR', '00'), ('NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TX_POWER_LEVEL', 1600), ('NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_STATS', '08:00:01:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:02:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:03:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:04:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:05:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:06:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:08:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:09:00:00:00:00:00:08:00:0a:00:00:00:00:00')], 'header': {'length': 188, 'type': 34, 'flags': 0, 'sequence_number': 255, 'pid': 14840, 'error': None, 'target': 'localhost', 'stats': Stats(qsize=0, delta=0, delay=0)}, 'event': 'NL80211_CMD_NEW_INTERFACE'},)
Moving interface: {'address': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'ifname': 'wlxc87f548d9633', 'mtu': 1500, 'qdisc': 'noqueue', 'txqlen': 1000, 'operstate': 'DOWN', 'linkmode': 1, 'group': 0, 'promiscuity': 0, 'num_tx_queues': 1, 'num_rx_queues': 1, 'carrier': 0, 'carrier_changes': 1, 'proto_down': 0, 'gso_max_segs': 65535, 'gso_max_size': 65536, 'xdp': {'attrs': [('IFLA_XDP_ATTACHED', None)]}, 'carrier_up_count': 0, 'carrier_down_count': 1, 'min_mtu': 256, 'max_mtu': 2304, 'perm_address': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'parent_dev_name': '3-3:1.0', 'parent_dev_bus_name': 'usb', 'index': 10, 'flags': 4099, 'ipdb_scope': 'system', 'ipdb_priority': 0, 'vlans': (), 'ipaddr': (), 'ports': (), 'family': 0, 'ifi_type': 1, 'state': 'up', 'neighbours': ()} to: 548d963
fail <class 'NoneType'>
fail <class 'NoneType'>

更新后代码 #

#!/usr/bin/python3

# Configure logging
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s:%(levelname)s:%(message)s")

# Inspect networking interfaces
import netifaces

# Setup netowrking namespaces
from pyroute2 import NetNS, NSPopen, netns, IPDB, IPRoute

# Get a list of all the network interfaces
interfaces = netifaces.interfaces()

# Managing network interfaces
with IPDB() as ipdb:

    # Loop over all the interfaces and logger.info their details
    for iface in interfaces:

        # Determine interface information
        iface_details = netifaces.ifaddresses(iface)
        if iface.find("wlxc") >= 0:

            logger.info(f"Found USB Wi-Fi interface: {iface} with details: {iface_details}")

            # Attempt to remove a networking namespace by the same name
            iface_truncate = iface[-4:]
            net_namespace = f"{iface_truncate}-ns"
            try:
                netns.remove(net_namespace)
            except Exception as err:
                logger.warning(f"Namespace does not exist and we could not remove it: {net_namespace} ...")

            # Create a new network namespace or identify an existing one
            logger.info(f"Trying to create network namespace: {net_namespace} ...")
            netns.create(net_namespace)

            # Get the interface index
            with IPRoute() as ip:
                index = ip.link_lookup(ifname=iface)[0]

            logger.info(f"Index of USB WiFi is: {index} ...")

            logger.info(f"Interfaces: {ipdb.interfaces[iface]} ...")

            # Move the interface to the new network namespace
            with ipdb.interfaces[index] as interf:
                interf.net_ns_fd = net_namespace
                logger.info(f"Moved {iface} to {net_namespace}")

            logger.info("Done moving interface ...")

# Close IPDB
ipdb.release()

更新后报错 #

2023-11-13 21:05:36,676:WARNING:Deprecation warning https://docs.pyroute2.org/ipdb_toc.html
2023-11-13 21:05:36,676:WARNING:To remove this DeprecationWarning exception, start IPDB(deprecation_warning=False, ...)
2023-11-13 21:05:36,678:INFO:Found USB Wi-Fi interface: wlxc87f548d9633 with details: {17: [{'addr': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff'}]}
2023-11-13 21:05:36,680:INFO:Trying to create network namespace: 9633-ns ...
2023-11-13 21:05:36,686:INFO:Index of USB WiFi is: 10 ...
2023-11-13 21:05:36,700:INFO:Interfaces: {'address': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'ifname': 'wlxc87f548d9633', 'mtu': 1500, 'qdisc': 'noqueue', 'txqlen': 1000, 'operstate': 'DOWN', 'linkmode': 1, 'group': 0, 'promiscuity': 0, 'num_tx_queues': 1, 'num_rx_queues': 1, 'carrier': 0, 'carrier_changes': 1, 'proto_down': 0, 'gso_max_segs': 65535, 'gso_max_size': 65536, 'xdp': {'attrs': [('IFLA_XDP_ATTACHED', None)]}, 'carrier_up_count': 0, 'carrier_down_count': 1, 'min_mtu': 256, 'max_mtu': 2304, 'perm_address': 'c8:7f:54:8d:96:33', 'parent_dev_name': '3-3:1.0', 'parent_dev_bus_name': 'usb', 'index': 10, 'flags': 4099, 'ipdb_scope': 'system', 'ipdb_priority': 0, 'vlans': (), 'ipaddr': (), 'ports': (), 'family': 0, 'ifi_type': 1, 'state': 'up', 'neighbours': ()} ...
2023-11-13 21:05:36,700:INFO:Moved wlxc87f548d9633 to 9633-ns
fail <class 'NoneType'>
fail <class 'NoneType'>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user/Desktop/network-stress-test/network-stress-test.py", line 52, in <module>
    with ipdb.interfaces[index] as interf:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/ipdb/transactional.py", line 206, in __exit__
    self.commit()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/ipdb/interfaces.py", line 1136, in commit
    raise error
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/ipdb/interfaces.py", line 1036, in commit
    run(nl.link, 'update', **request)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/ipdb/interfaces.py", line 515, in _run
    raise error
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/ipdb/interfaces.py", line 510, in _run
    return cmd(*argv, **kwarg)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/iproute/linux.py", line 1672, in link
    ret = self.nlm_request(msg, msg_type=msg_type, msg_flags=msg_flags)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/netlink/nlsocket.py", line 870, in nlm_request
    return tuple(self._genlm_request(*argv, **kwarg))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/netlink/nlsocket.py", line 1214, in nlm_request
    for msg in self.get(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/netlink/nlsocket.py", line 873, in get
    return tuple(self._genlm_get(*argv, **kwarg))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyroute2/netlink/nlsocket.py", line 550, in get
    raise msg['header']['error']
pyroute2.netlink.exceptions.NetlinkError: (22, 'Invalid argument')

WiFi接口不能直接像以太网接口那样迁移，因为它依赖对应的PHY（无线物理层）设备。正确的做法是先将PHY设备移动到目标命名空间，对应的WiFi接口会自动跟随进入。

实现步骤 #

1. 找到WiFi接口对应的PHY编号
2. 创建目标网络命名空间
3. 将PHY设备移动到目标命名空间
4. 在目标命名空间内启用WiFi接口

完整代码示例 #

#!/usr/bin/python3
import logging
import netifaces
import subprocess
from pyroute2 import NetNS, netns, IPRoute, IW

# 配置日志
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s:%(levelname)s:%(message)s")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def move_wifi_to_ns(iface_name, ns_name):
    # 获取WiFi接口的PHY编号
    with IPRoute() as ip, IW() as iw:
        ifindex = ip.link_lookup(ifname=iface_name)[0]
        wifi_info = iw.get_interface_by_ifindex(ifindex)
        # 从返回结果中提取PHY编号
        phy_id = None
        for attr in wifi_info[0]['attrs']:
            if attr[0] == 'NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY':
                phy_id = attr[1]
                break
        if not phy_id:
            logger.error(f"无法获取接口 {iface_name} 的PHY编号")
            return
        logger.info(f"WiFi接口 {iface_name} 对应的PHY编号: {phy_id}")

    # 清理并创建命名空间
    try:
        netns.remove(