JDK8升级至JDK17时Jersey服务报NoClassDefFoundError求助

问题背景 #

基于Maven的Java项目从JDK8升级至JDK17，使用Jersey 2.35版本，启动时出现Servlet初始化异常，阻碍升级进度。

异常栈信息 #

顶层异常 #

javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet.init() for servlet [Servlet_Class] threw exception
org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:687)
org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:360)
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:890)
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1743)
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

根因异常 #

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.glassfish.jersey.internal.inject.Providers
org.glassfish.jersey.model.internal.ComponentBag.modelFor(ComponentBag.java:495)
org.glassfish.jersey.model.internal.ComponentBag.lambda$registerModel$10(ComponentBag.java:454)
org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:292)
org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:274)
org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:205)
org.glassfish.jersey.model.internal.ComponentBag.registerModel(ComponentBag.java:446)
org.glassfish.jersey.model.internal.ComponentBag.register(ComponentBag.java:357)
org.glassfish.jersey.model.internal.CommonConfig.register(CommonConfig.java:463)
org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig.register(ResourceConfig.java:429)
org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.WebComponent.<init>(WebComponent.java:306)
org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer.init(ServletContainer.java:154)
org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer.init(ServletContainer.java:339)
javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:687)
org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:360)
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:890)
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1743)
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

项目配置与代码 #

web.xml配置 #

<servlet>
      <servlet-name>Servlet_Class</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer</servlet-class>
      <!--<init-param>
        <param-name>jersey.config.server.provider.packages</param-name>
        <param-value>webservices.Jersey</param-value>
      </init-param> -->
      <init-param>
            <param-name>javax.ws.rs.Application</param-name>
            <param-value>webservices.Jersey.Servlet_Application</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>Servlet_Class</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/Jersey/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

Servlet_Application实现代码 #

package webservices.Jersey;

import org.glassfish.jersey.logging.LoggingFeature;  
import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig;

public class Servlet_Application extends ResourceConfig {
    public Servlet_Application() 
    {
        packages(true, "webservices.Jersey");
        register(LoggingFeature.class);

        register(Servlet_Class.class);
        
    }
}

问题定位 #

1. JDK17模块化与反射限制：Jersey 2.35未完全适配JDK17的模块系统（JPMS），其内部依赖的反射操作被JDK17默认禁用的--illegal-access机制阻止，导致org.glassfish.jersey.internal.inject.Providers类初始化失败。
2. 依赖兼容性缺失：Jersey 2.35的底层依赖（如HK2注入框架、核心组件）未针对JDK17的API变更做适配，触发类加载时的NoClassDefFoundError。
3. 冗余注册隐患：Servlet_Application中同时调用包扫描和手动注册Servlet_Class，虽然不是本次异常的直接根因，但可能引发重复加载冲突。

适配JDK17的Jersey版本推荐 #

• 最低兼容版本：Jersey 2.39.1，该版本开始正式支持JDK17，修复了JPMS模块访问、反射权限等核心适配问题。
• 推荐稳定版本：Jersey 2.41（截至2024年的最新稳定版），包含更多JDK17及后续版本的兼容性修复，同时修复了多个安全漏洞和功能bug。

解决步骤建议 #

1. 统一升级Jersey版本：在Maven的pom.xml中将所有Jersey相关依赖的版本号修改为2.41（或2.39.1），确保组件版本一致，避免版本冲突。
2. 移除冗余注册代码：删除Servlet_Application中的register(Servlet_Class.class)调用，packages(true, "webservices.Jersey")已完成包内资源类的自动扫描注册。
3. 可选：调整JVM参数：若升级后仍有反射相关异常，可临时添加JVM启动参数--add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED，但优先通过版本升级解决问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者imzz