Django与Apache 2.4部署报错：500错误及ModuleNotFoundError求助

环境信息 #

• Windows 11
• Python 3.11.5
• Apache 2.4
• Django项目名：ranking

错误日志 #

[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548] mod_wsgi (pid=16020): Failed to exec Python script file 'C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/ranking/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548] mod_wsgi (pid=16020): Exception occurred processing WSGI script 'C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/ranking/wsgi.py'.
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/ranking/wsgi.py", line 19, in <module>
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]     application = get_wsgi_application()
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "C:\Users\dkdle\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\django\core\wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]     django.setup(set_prefix=False)
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "C:\Users\dkdle\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 19, in setup
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]     configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "C:\Users\dkdle\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 102, in __getattr__
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]     self._setup(name)
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "C:\Users\dkdle\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 89, in _setup
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]     self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "C:\Users\dkdle\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 217, in __init__
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]     mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "C:\Users\dkdle\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]     return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1204, in _gcd_import
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1135, in _find_and_load_unlocked
[Mon Nov 13 20:44:10.540478 2023] [wsgi:error] [pid 16020:tid 1112] [client ::1:51548] ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ranking.settings'; 'ranking' is not a package

原虚拟主机配置 #

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName my server domain

    WSGIScriptAlias / "C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/ranking/wsgi.py"
    WSGIPassAuthorization On

    <Directory "C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/ranking">
        Options +ExecCGI
        AddHandler wsgi-script .py
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

原wsgi.py代码 #

import os

import sys
sys.path.append('/path/to/ranking/module')

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'ranking.settings')

application = get_wsgi_application()

修复步骤 #

1. 修正wsgi.py的Python路径配置 #

原wsgi.py中的sys.path.append('/path/to/ranking/module')是占位符，需要替换为包含manage.py的项目根目录，并使用sys.path.insert(0, ...)确保路径优先级最高：

import os
import sys

# 添加项目根目录（包含manage.py的目录）到Python路径
sys.path.insert(0, 'C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking')

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'ranking.settings')

application = get_wsgi_application()

2. 调整Apache虚拟主机配置 #

添加WSGIDaemonProcess指定Python解释器环境，避免系统Python与项目依赖不一致；同时简化Directory配置：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName your-domain.com

    # 指定Python环境，替换为你的Python安装路径和项目根目录
    WSGIDaemonProcess ranking python-path=C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking python-home=C:/Users/dkdle/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python311
    WSGIProcessGroup ranking

    WSGIScriptAlias / "C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/ranking/wsgi.py"
    WSGIPassAuthorization On

    <Directory "C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/ranking">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    # 可选：配置静态文件访问
    Alias /static/ "C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/static/"
    <Directory "C:/Apache24/htdocs/django_file/ranking/static">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

3. 验证项目结构 #

确保内层ranking目录下存在__init__.py文件（空文件即可），否则Python无法识别为包：

django_file/
└── ranking/
    ├── manage.py
    └── ranking/
        ├── __init__.py
        ├── settings.py
        ├── urls.py
        └── wsgi.py

4. 重启Apache服务 #

修改配置后，重启Apache服务使更改生效。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rornfldla