VS Code运行.NET MAUI MacCatalyst项目提示libhostpolicy.dylib缺失的原因

背景 #

此前使用VS for Mac开发.NET MAUI应用，因VS for Mac终止服务，转而使用VS Code搭配C# Dev Kit与.NET MAUI扩展开展开发测试。已成功构建arm64架构的iOS和MacCatalyst输出产物，但运行MacCatalyst项目时出现错误。

错误信息 #

遇到致命错误。执行应用所需的库 'libhostpolicy.dylib' 在 '/Users/ian/Projects/BitBucket/Ledger/Ledger/bin/Debug/net7.0-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-arm64/' 中未找到。
无法以自包含应用运行。

• 应用被当作自包含应用运行，因为 '/Users/ian/Projects/BitBucket/Ledger/Ledger/bin/Debug/net7.0-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-arm64/Ledger.runtimeconfig.json' 未指定框架。
• 如果这应该是依赖框架的应用，请在 '/Users/ian/Projects/BitBucket/Ledger/Ledger/bin/Debug/net7.0-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-arm64/Ledger.runtimeconfig.json' 中指定合适的框架。

Ledger.runtimeconfig.json内容（VS for Mac与VS Code生成的完全一致） #

{
  "runtimeOptions": {
    "tfm": "net7.0",
    "includedFrameworks": [
      {
        "name": "Microsoft.NETCore.App",
        "version": "7.0.13"
      },
      {
        "name": "Microsoft.MacCatalyst",
        "version": "16.4.7125"
      },
      {
        "name": "Microsoft.Maui.Core",
        "version": "**FromWorkload**"
      },
      {
        "name": "Microsoft.Maui.Controls",
        "version": "**FromWorkload**"
      },
      {
        "name": "Microsoft.Maui.Essentials",
        "version": "**FromWorkload**"
      }
    ],
    "configProperties": {
      "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.VerifyOpenGenericServiceTrimmability": true,
      "System.AggressiveAttributeTrimming": true,
      "System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter.EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterInDesigntimeLicenseContextSerialization": false,
      "System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsSupported": true,
      "System.Diagnostics.Tracing.EventSource.IsSupported": false,
      "System.Globalization.Invariant": false,
      "System.Net.Http.EnableActivityPropagation": false,
      "System.Net.Http.UseNativeHttpHandler": true,
      "System.Reflection.NullabilityInfoContext.IsSupported": false,
      "System.Resources.ResourceManager.AllowCustomResourceTypes": false,
      "System.Resources.UseSystemResourceKeys": false,
      "System.Runtime.InteropServices.BuiltInComInterop.IsSupported": false,
      "System.Runtime.Serialization.EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization": false,
      "System.StartupHookProvider.IsSupported": false,
      "System.Threading.Thread.EnableAutoreleasePool": true,
      "System.Text.Encoding.EnableUnsafeUTF7Encoding": false
    }
  }
}

更新：launch.json中的MacCatalyst配置条目 #

{
"configurations": [
    {
        "name": ".NET MAUI",
        "type": "maui",
        "request": "launch",
        "preLaunchTask": "maui: Build"
    },
    {
        "name": "C#: Ledger.Tests",
        "type": "dotnet",
        "request": "launch",
        "projectPath": "${workspaceFolder}/UnitTests/Ledger.Tests.csproj",
        "launchConfigurationId": "TargetFramework=;Ledger.Tests"
    },
    {
        // Use IntelliSense to find out which attributes exist for C# debugging
        // Use hover for the description of the existing attributes
        // For further information visit https://github.com/dotnet/vscode-csharp/blob/main/debugger-launchjson.md
        "name": "Maccatalyst",
        "type":  "coreclr",
        "request": "launch",
        "preLaunchTask": "build",
        "targetArchitecture": "arm64",
        // If you have changed target frameworks, make sure to update the program path.
        "program": "${workspaceFolder}/Ledger/bin/Debug/net7.0-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-arm64/Ledger.dll",
        "args": [],
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/Ledger",
        // For more information about the 'console' field, see https://aka.ms/VSCode-CS-LaunchJson-Console
        "console": "internalConsole",
        "stopAtEntry": false
    }
]
}

为何VS for Mac可正常启动并运行该MacCatalyst应用，而VS Code却不行？

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lamotu