Android Studio编译报错：RoomProcessor与Java Runtime版本不兼容

错误信息 #

Cause: androidx/room/RoomProcessor has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 61.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 55.0

背景 #

原项目在SDK26设备上运行正常，现在需要重构适配SDK33，已尝试升级Gradle到7.2，但问题仍未解决。

当前项目配置 #

Top-level build.gradle #

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
    ext {
        // Android Gradle Project Version
        agp_version = '7.1.3'
        ///agp_version = '7.2'
    }
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        google()
    }
    dependencies {
        ///classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.1.3'
        classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:$agp_version"
        
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        google()
        ///jcenter()
        maven{url 'https://maven.google.com'}
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

app模块build.gradle #

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    ///compileSdkVersion 32
    compileSdkVersion 34
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.tmschaaf.earthquakev"        // was: com.cis2237.schaafp7
        minSdkVersion 26
        targetSdkVersion 34
        versionCode 2
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    dataBinding.enabled = true
    compileOptions {
        ///sourceCompatibility = '1.8'
        ///targetCompatibility = '1.8'
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11

    }
///    kotlinOptions {
///        jvmTarget = '11'
///    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
    ///implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.5.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.3.2'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.10.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0-beta01'
    implementation 'androidx.coordinatorlayout:coordinatorlayout:1.3.0-alpha02'
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.preference:preference:1.2.1'
    implementation 'androidx.room:room-runtime:2.6.0'
    annotationProcessor 'androidx.room:room-compiler:2.6.0'
    testImplementation 'androidx.room:room-testing:2.6.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:18.2.0'
    ///implementation 'android:exported:false'
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-ktx:1.8.0'
}

// added 9/10/2023
allprojects {
    repositories {
        maven {
            url "https://maven.google.com"
        }
        google()
    ///    jcenter()
    ///    mavenCentral()
    }
}

解决方案 #

1. 升级项目Java编译版本到17 #

Room 2.6.0的编译器（RoomProcessor）基于Java 17编译（class file version 61对应Java 17），当前项目使用Java 11（version 55）导致版本不兼容。修改app模块的compileOptions：

compileOptions {
    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}

同时在Android Studio中配置JDK：File → Project Structure → SDK Location，将JDK location设置为Java 17（推荐使用Android Studio自带的Embedded JDK 17，无需额外安装）。

2. 升级Android Gradle Plugin（AGP）版本 #

AGP 7.1.3对Java 17的支持不完善，建议升级到7.4.0及以上版本（AGP 7.4+正式支持Java 17作为编译版本）。修改顶级build.gradle中的agp_version：

agp_version = '7.4.2'

3. 清理缓存并重构项目 #

执行命令清理构建缓存：

./gradlew clean

然后在Android Studio中点击Build → Rebuild Project，彻底重新构建项目。

4. 修复依赖冲突 #

app模块中重复引入了Material组件依赖，保留一个版本即可（建议使用稳定版），删除其中一行：

// 删除下面其中一行，推荐保留稳定版1.10.0
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.10.0'
// implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0-beta01'

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者tmschaaf