面向最大共同前景像素的图像平移算法优化需求

我需要一个能高效确定两幅2D二值图像最优平移（仅X、Y轴，无旋转）的算法，目标是找到能让两幅图像最大共同白色像素的平移量（图像背景占比远高于前景）。

示例图像的最优平移量为[-171, 97]。

我已经实现了全像素遍历和聚焦白色像素匹配的平移算法，但耗时仍然很长，以下是当前算法的代码片段（arrayImage仅包含0和1，为二值图像）：

public static int[] findBestTranslation(int[][] arrayImage1, int[][] arrayImage2) {
    int[] bestTranslation = new int[2];
    int bestSimilarity = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

    int img2Length = arrayImage2.length;
    int img2Width = arrayImage2[0].length;
    
    List<int[]> whitePixelsImage1 = findWhitePixels(arrayImage1);
    List<int[]> whitePixelsImage2 = findWhitePixels(arrayImage2);
    boolean[][] checkedOffsets = new boolean[img2Length * 2][img2Width * 2];
    
    int i = 0;
    for (int[] pixel1 : whitePixelsImage1) {
        System.out.println(i++ + ": " + bestSimilarity);
        for (int[] pixel2 : whitePixelsImage2) {
            //calculate translation
            int xOffset = pixel2[0] - pixel1[0];
            int yOffset = pixel2[1] - pixel1[1];

            // Check if this offset has been selected before
            if (checkedOffsets[xOffset + img2Length][yOffset + img2Width]) {
                continue;
            } else {
                checkedOffsets[xOffset + img2Length][yOffset + img2Width] = true;
            }

            int similarity = 0;
            for (int[] pixelNotTranslated : whitePixelsImage1) {
                int xTranslated = pixelNotTranslated[0] + xOffset;
                int yTranslated = pixelNotTranslated[1] + yOffset;
                if (xTranslated >= 0 && xTranslated < img2Length && yTranslated >= 0 && yTranslated < img2Width) {
                    similarity += arrayImage2[xTranslated][yTranslated];
                }
            }

            if (similarity > bestSimilarity) {
                bestSimilarity = similarity;
                bestTranslation[0] = xOffset;
                bestTranslation[1] = yOffset;
            }
        }
    }

    return bestTranslation;
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者No Grad