Docker部署Redis主从集群主节点无法绑定6379端口的解决方法

部署3个Redis容器（1主2从）时，主节点频繁出现绑定IP失败错误：

2023-11-18 11:12:57 1:M 18 Nov 2023 08:12:57.243 # Warning: Could not create server TCP listening socket 172.28.0.1:6379: bind: Cannot assign requested address
2023-11-18 11:12:57 1:M 18 Nov 2023 08:12:57.243 # Failed listening on port 6379 (tcp), aborting.

部分从节点也会出现类似错误，偶尔能正常运行。

当前使用的docker-compose.yml：

networks:
  hl-lab3-network:
    ipam:
      driver: default
      config:
        - subnet: 172.28.0.0/16

services:
  server:
    build:
      context: ./server_component
    env_file:
      - .env
    ports:
      - "${PORT}:${PORT}"
    
      
  client:
    build:
      context: ./client_component

  redis-master:
    image: redis:7
    container_name: master
    command: bash -c "redis-server ./redis-master.conf --appendonly yes --requirepass password"
    ports: 
      - 6379:6379
    networks:
      - hl-lab3-network
    volumes:
      - ./:/data
  redis-slave-1:
    image: redis:7
    container_name: slave-1
    command: redis-server ./redis-slave1.conf --replicaof master 6379 --requirepass password
    ports: 
      - 6381:6381
    networks:
      - hl-lab3-network
    volumes:
      - ./redis-slave1.conf:/data/redis-slave1.conf
  redis-slave-2:
    image: redis:7
    container_name: slave-2
    command: redis-server ./redis-slave2.conf --replicaof master 6379 --requirepass password
    ports: 
      - 6382:6382
    networks:
      - hl-lab3-network
    volumes:
      - ./redis-slave2.conf:/data/redis-slave2.conf

Redis配置文件：
redis-master.conf：

port 6379
bind 172.28.0.1
requirepass password
replica-read-only yes

redis-slave1.conf：

port 6381
bind 172.28.0.2
masterauth password
replica-read-only yes
slaveof master 6379

redis-slave2.conf：

port 6382
bind 172.28.0.3
masterauth password
replica-read-only yes
slaveof master 6379

错误核心原因：Redis配置中绑定的固定IP，Docker并未自动分配给对应容器。Docker默认会在子网内随机分配IP，除非显式指定固定IP，或让Redis监听所有网卡地址。

方案1：给Redis容器指定固定IP #

修改docker-compose.yml，在每个Redis服务的networks字段下添加ipv4_address，明确分配你配置文件中指定的IP：

networks:
  hl-lab3-network:
    ipam:
      driver: default
      config:
        - subnet: 172.28.0.0/16

services:
  server:
    build:
      context: ./server_component
    env_file:
      - .env
    ports:
      - "${PORT}:${PORT}"
    
      
  client:
    build:
      context: ./client_component

  redis-master:
    image: redis:7
    container_name: master
    command: bash -c "redis-server ./redis-master.conf --appendonly yes --requirepass password"
    ports: 
      - 6379:6379
    networks:
      hl-lab3-network:
        ipv4_address: 172.28.0.1
    volumes:
      - ./:/data
  redis-slave-1:
    image: redis:7
    container_name: slave-1
    command: redis-server ./redis-slave1.conf --replicaof master 6379 --requirepass password
    ports: 
      - 6381:6381
    networks:
      hl-lab3-network:
        ipv4_address: 172.28.0.2
    volumes:
      - ./redis-slave1.conf:/data/redis-slave1.conf
  redis-slave-2:
    image: redis:7
    container_name: slave-2
    command: redis-server ./redis-slave2.conf --replicaof master 6379 --requirepass password
    ports: 
      - 6382:6382
    networks:
      hl-lab3-network:
        ipv4_address: 172.28.0.3
    volumes:
      - ./redis-slave2.conf:/data/redis-slave2.conf

方案2：让Redis监听所有网卡（更灵活） #

如果不想维护固定IP，可将Redis配置中的bind改为0.0.0.0，让Redis监听容器内所有网卡地址，不管Docker分配什么IP都能正常启动：

• 修改redis-master.conf：

port 6379
bind 0.0.0.0
requirepass password
replica-read-only yes

• 修改redis-slave1.conf：

port 6381
bind 0.0.0.0
masterauth password
replica-read-only yes
slaveof master 6379

• 修改redis-slave2.conf：

port 6382
bind 0.0.0.0
masterauth password
replica-read-only yes
slaveof master 6379

容器间通过服务名master即可通信，Docker Compose会自动配置DNS解析。

最后：清理旧容器并重新部署 #

执行以下命令清理旧容器和网络，再启动新服务：

docker-compose down
docker-compose up -d

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者aristotle