无法安装新Flutter包：依赖包版本不兼容且无法升级

当前环境与依赖版本 #

• Flutter版本：

Flutter 3.16.0 • channel stable • https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
Framework • revision db7ef5bf9f (2天前) • 2023-11-15 11:25:44 -0800
Engine • revision 74d16627b9
Tools • Dart 3.2.0 • DevTools 2.28.2

• 当前项目依赖版本：

http: ^1.1.0
uuid: ^4.2.1
shared_preferences: ^2.2.2
material_color_utilities: ^0.5.0
meta: ^1.10.0
web: ^0.3.0

问题现象 #

执行flutter pub get或flutter pub upgrade --major-versions时，输出以下提示：

Resolving dependencies... (1.7s)
material_color_utilities 0.5.0 (0.8.0 available)
meta 1.10.0 (1.11.0 available)
web 0.3.0 (0.4.0 available)
No dependencies changed.
3 packages have newer versions incompatible with dependency constraints.
Try flutter pub outdated for more information.

执行flutter pub outdated后得到：

Showing outdated packages.
[*] indicates versions that are not the latest available.

Package Name Current Upgradable Resolvable Latest

direct dependencies:
material_color_utilities *0.5.0 *0.5.0 *0.5.0 0.8.0
meta *1.10.0 *1.10.0 *1.10.0 1.11.0
web *0.3.0 *0.3.0 *0.3.0 0.4.0

dev_dependencies: all up-to-date.
You are already using the newest resolvable versions listed in the 'Resolvable' column.
Newer versions, listed in 'Latest', may not be mutually compatible.

手动修改版本后的错误 #

手动修改pubspec.yaml中这三个包的版本为最新版后，执行flutter pub get出现如下错误：

Resolving dependencies...
Note: web is pinned to version 0.3.0 by flutter_test from the flutter SDK.
See https://dart.dev/go/sdk-version-pinning for details.

Because every version of flutter_test from sdk depends on web 0.3.0 and screen_frontend depends on
web ^0.4.0, flutter_test from sdk is forbidden.
So, because screen_frontend depends on flutter_test from sdk, version solving failed.

You can try the following suggestion to make the pubspec resolve:

• Consider downgrading your constraint on web: flutter pub add web:^0.3.0

解决方案建议 #

• 无需手动强制升级：这三个包是被Flutter SDK（如flutter_test）间接依赖并固定版本的，当前稳定版Flutter 3.16.0与这些包的现有版本完全兼容，强行升级会打破依赖约束，导致编译失败。
• 等待Flutter SDK更新：后续Flutter稳定版迭代时，会同步升级这些依赖包的版本约束，届时执行flutter pub upgrade即可自动更新到兼容的最新版。
• 临时切换开发通道（谨慎操作）：如果必须使用这些包的最新版本，可以尝试切换到Flutter的beta或dev通道（注意：开发通道可能存在稳定性问题），执行命令：

flutter channel beta
flutter upgrade

之后再尝试更新依赖。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者pypDeveloper