使用user-data-dir调用Edge时遇DevToolsActivePort/Chrome不可达错误

问题描述 #

尝试自动化收集Cookie，使用Microsoft Edge内置浏览器，要求使用已登录的用户配置，尽可能以无头模式运行。但在配置user-data-dir和profile-directory参数时出现报错：

• 初始错误：DevToolsActivePort not found
• 添加remote-debugging-port=8000参数后，错误变为chrome not reachable

无头模式运行时无报错，但无法加载已登录的Microsoft/Google账号状态。使用Edge或ChromiumEdge类无区别。

现有Python代码（基于Selenium） #

import time
import os

from selenium.webdriver import EdgeService
from selenium.webdriver import ChromiumEdge
from selenium.webdriver import EdgeOptions

# service = EdgeService(r'assets\msedgedriver.exe')
# service.start()

options = EdgeOptions()
options.add_argument(f"user-data-dir=C:\\Users\\{os.getlogin()}\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Edge\\User Data")
options.add_argument("profile-directory=Default")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-using") # an answer on stackoverflow which did not work
options.add_argument("remote-debugging-port=8000") # another one which did not work
options.binary_location = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe"

driver = ChromiumEdge(options=options)

driver.get("https://google.com")
# driver.get("https://bing.com")

driver.save_screenshot("ss2.png")
with open("cookies.txt", "w") as f:
    contents = ""
    cookies = driver.get_cookies()
    for cookie in cookies:
        contents += cookie.get('name') + ": " + cookie.get('value') + "\n"
    f.write(contents)

报错信息（管理员权限运行PyCharm控制台输出） #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\path\to\project\test2.py", line 18, in <module>
    driver = ChromiumEdge(options=options)
  File "C:\path\to\project\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\edge\webdriver.py", line 45, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "C:\path\to\project\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chromium\webdriver.py", line 56, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "C:\path\to\project\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 208, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities)
  File "C:\path\to\project\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 292, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]
  File "C:\path\to\project\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 347, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\path\to\project\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 229, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: Microsoft Edge failed to start: exited normally.
  (chrome not reachable)
  (The process started from msedge location C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe is no longer running, so msedgedriver is assuming that msedge has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00007FF6149E2602+60402]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF614967352+253666]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF614739C99]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF614772FB2]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF61476D18B]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF6147B423F]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF6147AB863]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF61477C585]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF61477B993]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF61477CD14]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::to_string [0x00007FF614BC34A4+1161924]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF6147FE5F6]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::~EventProperty [0x00007FF6148BB083+37459]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::~EventProperty [0x00007FF6148B2C4D+3613]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::to_string [0x00007FF614BC21E4+1157124]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF6149716A8+295480]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF61496CB74+276228]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF61496CCA2+276530]
    Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF61495FA91+222753]
    BaseThreadInitThunk [0x00007FFF6B647344+20]
    RtlUserThreadStart [0x00007FFF6B7826B1+33]


Process finished with exit code 1

解决方案 #

关键修复点 #

1. 关闭所有Edge进程：如果当前有Edge浏览器正在运行，会占用用户数据目录，导致Selenium无法启动新实例。打开任务管理器，结束所有msedge.exe进程。
2. 修正参数拼写错误：--disable-dev-shm-using应为--disable-dev-shm-usage，原拼写无效。
3. 使用新版无头模式：旧的--headless参数不会加载用户配置，需改用--headless=new，同时添加必要的无头模式配套参数。
4. 匹配驱动版本：确保msedgedriver.exe的版本与本地安装的Microsoft Edge版本完全一致（可在edge://settings/help查看Edge版本，下载对应驱动）。
5. 移除不必要的参数：remote-debugging-port在这种场景下无需添加，反而可能引发冲突。

修改后的代码 #

import os
from selenium.webdriver import ChromiumEdge
from selenium.webdriver import EdgeOptions

options = EdgeOptions()
# 指定用户数据目录，使用已登录的配置文件
user_data_dir = f"C:\\Users\\{os.getlogin()}\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Edge\\User Data"
options.add_argument(f"user-data-dir={user_data_dir}")
options.add_argument("profile-directory=Default")

# 新版无头模式参数，支持加载用户配置
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
options.add_argument("--remote-allow-origins=*")

# 指定Edge二进制文件路径
options.binary_location = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe"

# 初始化驱动
driver = ChromiumEdge(options=options)

try:
    driver.get("https://google.com")
    # 保存截图验证状态
    driver.save_screenshot("ss2.png")
    # 收集并保存Cookie
    with open("cookies.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for cookie in driver.get_cookies():
            f.write(f"{cookie['name']}: {cookie['value']}\n")
finally:
    # 确保驱动关闭
    driver.quit()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Melting Obsidian