基于Node和Yarn的GitHub Actions共享CI工作流问题求助

问题背景 #

我使用Lerna管理Monorepo，正在从CircleCI迁移至GitHub Actions。单独运行测试、代码检查的Action均正常，但尝试通过共享工作流复用初始化步骤时遇到问题：执行yarn lint和yarn test-ci时，由于后续Job运行在与初始化工作流不同的容器中，Yarn未安装且依赖不存在。

现有配置文件 #

.github/workflows/ci-setup.yml

name: "[CI] Setup"
on:
  workflow_call

jobs:
  build:
    name: Setup
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: szenius/set-timezone@v1.2
        with:
          timezoneLinux: "Europe/Paris"
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Set Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version-file: '.node-version'
      - name: Setup
        run: cp packages/mobile/env.sample.json packages/mobile/env.json && cp packages/mobile-pro/env.sample.json packages/mobile-pro/env.json
      - name: Run install
        uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
        with:
          cmd: install # will run `yarn install` command

.github/workflows/ci-test.yml

name: "[CI] Test"
on: [push]

concurrency:
  group: ci-test-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

jobs:
  setup:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-setup.yml
  build:
    needs: setup
    name: Test on the monorepo
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Test
        uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
        with:
          cmd: test-ci # will run `yarn test-ci` command

.github/workflows/ci-lint.yml

name: "[CI] Lint"
on: [push]

concurrency:
  group: ci-test-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

jobs:
  setup:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-setup.yml
  build:
    needs: setup
    name: Lint on the monorepo
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Lint
        uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
        with:
          cmd: lint # will run `yarn lint` command

解决方案 #

方法1：用复合动作（Composite Action）封装初始化步骤 #

这是最适合你的方案，将初始化步骤封装为自定义复合动作，在同一个Job中调用，确保所有步骤共享同一个Runner容器环境。

1. 创建复合动作文件 .github/actions/ci-setup/action.yml：

name: 'CI Setup'
runs:
  using: "composite"
  steps:
    - uses: szenius/set-timezone@v1.2
      with:
        timezoneLinux: "Europe/Paris"
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    - name: Set Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
      with:
        node-version-file: '.node-version'
    - name: Setup env files
      run: cp packages/mobile/env.sample.json packages/mobile/env.json && cp packages/mobile-pro/env.sample.json packages/mobile-pro/env.json
      shell: bash
    - name: Install dependencies
      uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
      with:
        cmd: install

2. 修改测试和代码检查工作流，在同一个Job中调用复合动作：

修改后的 .github/workflows/ci-test.yml

name: "[CI] Test"
on: [push]

concurrency:
  group: ci-test-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

jobs:
  test:
    name: Test on the monorepo
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: ./.github/actions/ci-setup
      - name: Run tests
        uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
        with:
          cmd: test-ci

修改后的 .github/workflows/ci-lint.yml

name: "[CI] Lint"
on: [push]

concurrency:
  group: ci-lint-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

jobs:
  lint:
    name: Lint on the monorepo
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: ./.github/actions/ci-setup
      - name: Run lint
        uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
        with:
          cmd: lint

方法2：用缓存机制在多Job间复用依赖 #

如果必须拆分多个独立Job（例如需要并行执行不同任务），可以通过GitHub缓存功能复用依赖，避免重复安装，同时在每个Job中重新执行基础初始化步骤：

以ci-test.yml为例：

name: "[CI] Test"
on: [push]

concurrency:
  group: ci-test-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

jobs:
  setup:
    name: Setup Dependencies
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      cache-key: ${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
    steps:
      - uses: szenius/set-timezone@v1.2
        with:
          timezoneLinux: "Europe/Paris"
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Set Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version-file: '.node-version'
      - name: Setup env files
        run: cp packages/mobile/env.sample.json packages/mobile/env.json && cp packages/mobile-pro/env.sample.json packages/mobile-pro/env.json
      - name: Get yarn cache directory path
        id: yarn-cache-dir-path
        run: echo "dir=$(yarn cache dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
        shell: bash
      - name: Cache yarn dependencies
        id: cache
        uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: |
            ${{ steps.yarn-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
            node_modules
            packages/**/node_modules
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-yarn-${{ hashFiles('**/yarn.lock') }}
          restore-keys: |
            ${{ runner.os }}-yarn-
      - name: Install dependencies
        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
        with:
          cmd: install
  test:
    needs: setup
    name: Test on the monorepo
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: szenius/set-timezone@v1.2
        with:
          timezoneLinux: "Europe/Paris"
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Set Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version-file: '.node-version'
      - name: Setup env files
        run: cp packages/mobile/env.sample.json packages/mobile/env.json && cp packages/mobile-pro/env.sample.json packages/mobile-pro/env.json
      - name: Get yarn cache directory path
        id: yarn-cache-dir-path
        run: echo "dir=$(yarn cache dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
        shell: bash
      - name: Restore yarn cache
        uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: |
            ${{ steps.yarn-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}
            node_modules
            packages/**/node_modules
          key: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.cache-key }}
          restore-keys: |
            ${{ runner.os }}-yarn-
      - name: Run tests
        uses: Borales/actions-yarn@v4.2.0
        with:
          cmd: test-ci

总结 #

• 优先选择复合动作方案，既能实现步骤复用，又能保证环境一致性，完全解决你的问题；
• 若必须拆分Job，使用缓存机制可以大幅缩短依赖安装时间，避免重复劳动；
• 独立的setup Job（workflow_call）无法共享容器环境，不适合你的复用需求。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Bambou